摘要
为了探明蚯蚓对西瓜枯萎病的影响机制,开拓西瓜枯萎病防控的新思路,本试验以西瓜连作土壤为基质,采用盆栽试验,研究不同密度的威廉环毛蚓(Pheretima guillelmi)和赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)对西瓜长势、枯萎病发病率的影响,结合西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌数量、土壤微生物总量(土壤微生物量碳含量)、土壤微生物活性(土壤脱氢酶活性)以及土壤总酚酸的动态变化,探索蚯蚓对西瓜植株枯萎病的防控机理。结果表明,西瓜定植后45 d,试验组的西瓜蔓长、鲜质量较不投放蚯蚓对照分别增长了18.57%~67.27%、39.29%~87.24%。西瓜定植后30 d、45 d,对照的西瓜植株枯萎病发病率分别为62.15%、85.32%,显著高于蚯蚓试验组(P<0.05)。在一定范围内增加蚯蚓密度能有效促进西瓜生长,减缓枯萎病发生。在蚯蚓质量相同的情况下,威廉环毛蚓的促生防病效果优于赤子爱胜蚓。0~45 d的试验过程中,试验组土壤中西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)数量、总酚酸含量较对照分别下降了36.63%~69.39%、31.0%~77.4%,45 d时试验组的土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤脱氢酶活性较对照分别提高了115.10~175.71 mg/kg、1.41~2.40μg/(g·h)。蚯蚓能有效降低西瓜植株枯萎病的发病率,促进植株生长,其防控机理可能为:蚯蚓的穴居、取食等活动直接抑制土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的快速繁殖,同时蚯蚓通过降解土壤化感物质(总酚酸),提升微生物总量和活性等方式调控土壤微生物群落结构,改善土壤微生态环境,从而有效防控西瓜枯萎病的发生。
In order to explore the influence mechanism of Pheretima guillelmi and Eisenia foetida on watermelon Fusarium wilt and develop new ideas for the controlling,pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different densities of Pheretima guillelmi and Eisenia foetida on watermelon vine length,fresh weight and incidence of Fusarium wilt.In addition,the control mechanism was explored by combining with the dynamic changes of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,total phenolic acid,microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in soil.The results showed that the vine length and fresh weight of watermelon in the experimental groups increased by 18.57%-67.27%and 39.29%-87.24%compared with those in control group at the 45th day after planting.At the 30th and 45th days,the wilt incidence of watermelon in the control group was 62.15%and 85.32%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that in the earthworm experimental groups(P<0.05).Increasing the earthworm density in a certain range could effectively promote the growth of watermelon and inhibit Fusarium wilt.Under the same weight,the growth and disease prevention effect of Pheretima guillelmi was better than that of Eisenia foetida.During the 0-45 days,the number of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum and total phenolic acid content in the soil of the earthworm experimental group decreased by 36.63%-69.39%and 31.0%-77.4%,respectively.At the 45th day,soil microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity in the earthworm experimental groups increased by 115.10-175.71 mg/kg and 1.41-2.40μg/(g·h)compared with those in control group.Pheretima guillelmi and Eisenia foetida could effectively reduce the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt and promote plant growth.The mechanism may be that activities(burrowing and feeding)of earthworms directly inhibited the rapid propagation of Fusarium oxysporum in soil,and earthworms controlled soil microbial community structure by degrading soil allelochemicals(total phenols),increasing total microbial biomass and microbial a
作者
张娟琴
李双喜
郑宪清
张翰林
白娜玲
张海韵
吕卫光
ZHANG Juan-qin;LI Shuang-xi;ZHENG Xian-qing;ZHANG Han-lin;BAI Na-ling;ZHANG Hai-yun;LYU Wei-guang(Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403,China;Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shanghai City,Shanghai 201403,China;Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Low Carbon Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai 201403,China)
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期70-76,共7页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
上海市农口青年成长计划项目[沪农青字(2017)第1-21号]
上海市科技兴农重大项目[沪农科推字(2018第4-14号)]
上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[农科创2017(A-03)]
上海市科委项目(18295810500、16391901500)
关键词
西瓜枯萎病
蚯蚓
西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌
总酚酸
土壤微生物量碳
脱氢酶
watermelon Fusarium wilt
earthworm
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum
total phenolic acid
soil microbial biomass carbon
dehydrogenase
