摘要
目的了解2016-2018年云南省噪声职业危害现状,为制定有针对性的噪声防治措施提供依据。方法对2016-2018年云南省接触噪声、职业健康检查和职业性噪声聋患者资料进行描述分析,并用IBM SPSS Statistics 22对职业健康检查资料进行χ^2检验和相关分析。结果2016-2018年云南省噪声接触人数为112654人,主要集中分布在昆明市(37%)、红河州(20%)和玉溪市(11%),制造业(71%)和采矿业(12%),私有经济(48%)和国有经济(45%),中型企业(37%)、大型企业(35%)和小型企业(25%);178770人次参加了在岗期间噪声的职业健康检查,双耳高频平均听阈(校正值)>40 dB(A)的听力受损15419人,平均发病年龄(44.08±8.31)岁,检出率为8.63%,大理州(13.20%)、玉溪市(11.82%)和红河州(10.96%),建筑业(13.03%)、水利、环境和公共设施管理业(11.47%)、制造业(8.88%),集体经济(10.94%),微型企业(14.60%)检出率较高;共检出噪声聋疑似职业病159人,平均发病年龄(44.95±8.02)岁,检出率为0.089%,昭通市(1.60%)、制造业(0.11%)、集体经济(0.18%)和国有经济(0.17%)、中型企业(0.15%)检出率较高。结论2016-2018年云南省噪声职业危害广泛分布于云南省16个州市的各行业、经济类型、企业规模的劳动场所中,36~52岁男性应作为噪声职业危害防治的重点人群。应加强职业卫生监督和职业病防治知识宣传力度,规范企业职业卫生管理,提高劳动者自我防护意识,加强职业健康检查机构建设提高职业健康检查受检率,降低职业病漏报率。
Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards of noise in Yunnan Province from 2016-2018,and to pro vide basis for the development of targeted noise control measures.Methods The data of noise exposure,occupational health examination and occupational noise deafness patients in Yunnan Province from 2016-2018 were described and analyzed.Chi-square test and correlation analysis of occupational health examination data were carried out by IBM SPSS 22.0.Results From 2016-2018,the number of noise exposure in Yunnan Province was 112654,mainly distributed in Kunming(37%),Honghe(20%)and Yuxi(11%),manufacturing(71%)and mining(12%),private economy(48%)and state-owned economy(45%),medium-sized(37%),large(35%)and small enterprises(25%).178770 people participated in occupational health examination of noise during the working period.A total of 15419 hearing impairment patients with high frequency average hearing threshold(corrected value)higher than 40 dB(A)in both ears were detected.The average age was(44.08±8.31)years old,and the detection rate was 8.63%.The detection rates of Dali(13.20%),Yuxi(11.82%)and Honghe(10.96%),construction(13.03%),water conservancy,environmental and public facilities management(11.47%),manufacturing(8.88%),collective economy(10.94%)and micro-enterprises(14.60%)were higher.A total of 159 suspected occupational diseases of occupational noise deafness were detected.The average age was(44.95±8.02)years old,and the detection rate was 0.089%.The detection rates of Zhaotong City(1.60%),manufacturing industry(0.11%),collective economy(0.18%),state-owned economy(0.17%)and medium-sized enterprises(0.15%)were higher.Conclusion From 2016-2018,noise occupational hazards in Yunnan Province are widely distributed in the workplaces of 16 prefectures,industries,economic types and enterprises scale.Males aged 36-52 years lod should be the key population to prevent and control noise occupational hazards.We should strengthen occupational health supervision and propaganda of occupational disease prevention
作者
唐艳红
张永昌
李奕
邢漪
TANG Yan-hong;ZHANG Yong-chang;LI Yi;XING Yi(Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Health,Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming Yunnan,650022,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第24期3328-3333,3337,共7页
Occupation and Health
关键词
噪声
职业危害
噪声聋
防治
Noise
Occupational hazards
Noise deafness
Prevention
