摘要
当前学界讨论"剧种",一般以戏班(剧团)的组建和解体作为其"产生"和"消亡"的标志,则"苏剧"通常被认为"产生"于1941年"国风剧团"组建、"消亡"于2001年"苏剧团"解体。但考察其历史可知,1951年之前"苏剧"是一种宽泛的戏剧,并不限于用"苏滩"声腔演绎故事;1951年之后"苏剧"被确立为苏州"地方戏",原则上以"苏滩"声腔为主,但实际演出中并不以声腔为限,且艺术样态同样十分宽泛。"苏剧"作为一种艺术形态、乃至无所不包的"剧种",则早在1941年之前便已存在,2001年也未因"苏剧团"解散而"消亡"。我们不能把戏班(剧团)和"剧种"对等,认为一个戏班(剧团)组建就是其对应"剧种"的"产生",一个戏班(剧团)解体就是其对应"剧种"的"消亡"。
It is generally acknowledged that the establishment and disintegration of theatrical troupes are regarded as the symbols of "emergence " and "extinction " of one type of Xiqu.Therefore,it is usually believed that Suju was born in 1941 with the founding of the Guofeng Troupe,and was extinct when the last Suju troupe was disintegrated. However,there is proof that before 1951,Suju was in a broad sense and it was not limited to the use of the Sutan tunes;after 1951,Suju was labelled as a type of local Xiqu in Suzhou,which in principle focused on singing in the Sutan tunes. But in acting,Suju was not limited to the tunes,and it took on a wide range of artistic forms. From this point of view,"Suju"as an artistic form,and as an all-inclusive"kind of Xiqu"had existed long before 1941,and did not died with the disintegration of the last Suju troupe in 2001. We should not equate the troupe with the type of Xiqu,taking the establishment of a troupe as the "emergence " of the type of Xiqu,and the disintegration of a troupe as the"extinction"of the type of Xiqu.
出处
《戏剧艺术》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期87-97,共11页
Theatre Arts
关键词
苏剧
剧团
剧种
地方戏
Suju
troupe
type of Xiqu
local Xiqu
