摘要
认知的演化研究有助于揭示人类认知的独特性等相关问题,是人类心理研究的重要领域之一.目前,对认知演化问题的研究出现了一些新探索--认知演化的系统发生研究,即通过对某种认知能力进行跨多物种研究,并通过联系演化压力的相关因素进行分析.现有研究已经在一定程度上说明了认知能力演化的规律.本文从理论贡献、研究取向以及实践研究3个角度对认知演化的系统发生进行论述,旨在对认知能力的演化规律进行理论的探索和实践方法的扩充.
More and more biological evidence has been yielded in support of physical evolution of species. In contrast, psychological evolution has been, so far, studied primarily with theoretical exploration.There are two theoretical approaches to the evolution on cognitive ability. The first, Common Ancestor, states that all species, including humans, have a common ancestor, from whom particular cognitive abilities in all existing species are inherited. The second, Evolutionary Convergence holds that different species possess similar cognitive abilities. The controversy between the two theories lies in the explanation of similar cognitive abilities in different species, one focusing on theoretical deduction and the other on parsimony in interpretation. However, both agree that basic cognitive abilities can be a starting point for studying the evolution on cognitive abilities.The top-down and the bottom-up approaches are usually used to study the cognitive abilities of different species. The topdown approach focuses on the cross-species levels of presence of a certain cognitive ability, and explores its level of presence among different species in relation to that in human beings. For the bottom-up approach, researchers generally analyze and study basic cognitive abilities, or the basic components of complex cognitive abilities, and systematically study the degree of difference between species in these basic cognitive abilities, which are universally present across species. The top-down approach can provide a precondition for defining the species boundaries of certain cognitive abilities, or which species have such abilities, while the bottom-up approach employs systematic methods to study the basic components of relevant cognitive abilities through cross-species experiments. The elaboration above suggests that we can understand the emergence and development of certain cognitive abilities, and the relationship between human’s advanced and basic cognitive abilities from the perspective of phylogenesis.Phylogenetic compara
作者
陈涛
苏彦捷
Tao Chen;Yanjie Su(Department of Psychology,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期18-24,共7页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31872782,31571134)资助
关键词
认知演化
系统发生
觅食假说
社会脑假说
cognitive evolution
phylogeny
foraging hypothesis
social brain hypothesis
