摘要
利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境综合观测试验站——塔中站2014年30 min步长实测数据,系统分析塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地表辐射和能量平衡特征及小气候特征。结果表明:塔中地区辐射平衡和能量平衡各分量均表现为春、夏季较大,秋、冬季较小,并具有明显的日变化特征,峰值出现在12:00(地方时,下同)左右。该地区地表能量通量(净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量)中,净辐射、感热通量和土壤热通量均在08:00开始上升,至14:00左右达到峰值,而潜热通量变化很小。感热通量为能量的主要消耗形式,春、夏、秋、冬四季分别占净辐射的百分比为44. 6%、68. 1%、55. 2%和55. 3%,其次为土壤热通量,仅有很少能量用于水的相变。云和沙尘对能量通量各分量有明显削弱作用。近地层空气温度白天随高度的增加降低,夜晚则随高度的增加升高,空气相对湿度也呈明显变化规律。近地层水平风速随高度增加明显增大,风向以东北风为主。
Using the measured data of the Taklimakan Desert Atmospheric Environment Comprehensive Observation and Experiment Station(Tazhong Station)for 30 minutes in 2014,this paper systematically analyzed the characteristics of surface radiation balance,energy balance and microclimate in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.The results show that the components of radiation and energy balance in Tazhong area were larger in spring and summer,and smaller in autumn and winter,they had obvious diurnal variation characteristics.The peak value of them appeared at about 12:00(local time,the same as bellow).The net radiation,sensible heat flux and soil heat flux began rising at 08:00 and reached the peak at around 14:00,and then decreased.The latent heat flux changed little.Sensible heat flux was the main form of energy consumption and it accounted for 44.6%,68.1%,55.2%and 55.3%of net radiation flux in spring,summer,autumn and winter.It was followed by soil heat flux and there was only a small amount of energy for the phase transition of water.Clouds and dust had a significant weakening effect on the energy balance.The air temperature near surface layer increased with altitude in the daytime,but it decreased with altitude during nighttime,and the relative humidity changed in the opposite direction.The horizontal wind speed near surface layer increased with height,and northeast winds prevailed mainly.
作者
齐斐斐
买买提艾力·买买提依明
霍文
何清
刘永强
QI Feifei;ALI Mamtimin;HUO Wen;HE Qing;LIU Yongqiang(College of Resources amd Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China)
出处
《干旱气象》
2020年第1期32-39,共8页
Journal of Arid Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41675011、41265002)
自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJGRI2017010)共同资助
