摘要
采用沿海地区非物质文化遗产名录中的1021项海洋非物质文化遗产数据,利用自相关分析、核密度估计、标准差椭圆分析、缓冲区分析等方法,研究了中国海洋非物质文化遗产的结构、空间分布特征及影响因素。结果发现:从等级和类型结构看,等级分布呈金字塔结构,类型以民俗和传统技艺类为主。从总体空间分布看,陆岛空间上沿大陆海岸线60km内带状分布为主,北纬30度附近岛屿分布为辅;海域空间上以东海海域为中心,向南北两侧海域递减;南北空间上南多北少。从区域分布看,省域空间以浙、闽、鲁、粤、苏为“第一梯队”,其他沿海地区为“第二梯队”。从空间集散特征看,我国海洋非物质文化遗产空间上呈集聚分布,总体上形成了2个高密度核心区(舟山群岛核心区和温台核心区)、1个次密度核心区(莆泉核心区)。从时空演化规律看,主要形成于宋元明清时期;空间分布范围在波动中扩大;重心均位于南方地区,呈“南—北—南—北”的移动走向;空间方向基本呈东北—西南方向。海岸线、沿海地形地貌、气候、岛屿、海洋历史是影响海洋非物质文化遗产空间分布的主要因素。
Using 1021 data about maritime intangible cultural heritage on the list of intangible cultural heritage in coastal areas,the author studies the structure,spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of China's maritime intangible cultural heritage by means of autocorrelation analysis,kernel density estimation,standard deviational ellipse analysis and buffer analysis.The results show that from the hierarchy and type structure,the hierarchical structure of maritime intangible cultural heritage is pyramidal,and the type is mainly folk and traditional skills.From the overall spatial distribution,the maritime intangible cultural heritage is mainly distributed in the strip space of 60 km of the mainland coastline,supplemented by the islands near 30 degrees north latitude;the distribution of marine intangible heritage is centered on the East China Sea and decreases to both sides of the south and north;the distribution in the north is less than that in the south.From the regional distribution,Zhejiang,Fujian,Shandong,Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces have the most,and other coastal areas next to the above-mentioned provinces.From the spatial distribution characteristics,the distribution of maritime intangible cultural heritage in China is a type of agglomeration and forms two high-density core areas(Zhoushan islands core area,Wenzhou-Taizhou core area),one sub-density core area(Putian-Quanzhou core area).From spatial-temporal evolution,maritime intangible cultural heritage is mainly formed in the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties.Its spatial distribution range expands in fluctuation.The center is located in the southern regions and its movement trend is"south-north-south-north".The spatial direction is basically northeast-southwest.The coastline,coastal topography,climatic conditions,island and maritime history are the main factors affecting spatial distribution of maritime intangible cultural heritage.
作者
郝志刚
Hao Zhigang(School of Management,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;School of History and Culture,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第2期41-54,共14页
Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“国家海洋战略背景下的南海海洋文化遗产数据库建设”(15YJC850004)
国家社科基金重大项目“中国海洋文化理论体系研究”(12&ZD113)阶段性成果
关键词
海洋非物质文化遗产
中国
空间分布
影响因素
maritime intangible cultural heritage
China
spatial distribution
influencing factors
