摘要
科学研究是人类系统地、有条理地、有控制地获得知识和解决问题的一种实证方法。科学研究的特征就是使用一套科学的方法,科学研究的方法大致可分为两类,一类是定性研究法,另一类是定量研究法。本文专注定量研究法中的研究设计和统计分析方法两个重要环节。现有文献中描述统计方法的文章和专著很多,并且将研究设计与统计方法分开论述,鲜见专文描述在不同类型的研究设计框架下如何恰当地使用的具体的统计方法。这个问题在使用统计学作为最重要的控制各种混杂因素方法的医学与社会科学领域尤为突出。本文按不同的研究设计类型分别描述了相应的统计学方法的使用,统计方法包括基础统计模型到当代医学与社会科学领域常用的高级统计模型。本文意在为广大医学与社会科学研究者提供一项合理应用统计学方法的指南。
Scientific research is an empirical,systematic,logical,and controlled study process used to pursue the truth and discover new knowledge.The defining feature of scientific research is its use of scientific methods.Generally,scientific research methods can be classified into qualitative methods and quantitative methods.This paper focuses on the latter and,specifically,on study design and statistical methods.Current literature has provided an abundance of publications on a variety of statistical methods and study designs,respectively.However,papers that integrate study design and statistical methods are scarce,especially in social science and medical fields,which often rely on statistical methods to control for confounding factors.This paper describes how to properly use statistical methods in the context of different types of study design.Methods range from basic statistical methods to advanced statistical methods that are commonly used in modem social science and medical research.This paper intends to provide a practical guideline for social and medical researchers to choose appropriate statistical methods based on the corresponding study design choices.
作者
傅强
Qiang Fu(Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,College for Public Health and Social Justice,Saint Louis University,St.Louis,USA,63104)
出处
《医学与社会》
北大核心
2020年第1期1-7,共7页
Medicine and Society
关键词
研究设计
统计学方法
指南
医学
社会科学
Study Design
Statistical Methods
Guideline
Medicine
Social Science
