摘要
儒家为己之学是修身之学,自天子以至庶人,皆以修身为本,自省又是修身之本,故自省可谓是儒家为己之学的不二法门。先秦儒家自省意识奠定了儒家自省学说的基础,孔子及孔门“七十子”、孟子、荀子都有具体的自省思想,孔子的“内自省”“自讼”,孟子的“自反”“反求诸己”,荀子的“参省乎己”是儒家自省思想的经典表达,在省过、为学、进德等重要方面初步建立了儒家自省学说体系,成为汉唐儒学、宋明理学自省意识的思想源泉和理论依据。先秦儒家自省意识虽然朴素,尚不系统,但在整体上呈现出主体性、自觉性、乐感性、人文性的理论特征。先秦儒家自省意识是划分君子与小人的一道分水岭,是处理人己关系的重要法则,它开启了儒家自省传统,为推进当下的公民道德建设、唤醒当代自省意识提供了思想资源和重要启示。
Confucianism is the study of self-cultivation.From the son of heaven to the common people,self-cultivation is the basis of self-cultivation,so self-examination is the only way for Confucianism to learn self-cultivation.The self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians laid the foundation of the self-examination theory of the Confucians.Confucius and seventy disciples of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi all had specific self-examination thoughts.Confucius'self-examination and self litigation,Mencius'self reflection and self-examination,Xunzi's self-examination and self-awareness are the classic expression of the Confucians'self-examination thoughts,which initially established the Confucians in such important aspects as introspection,study and morality The theory system of introspection has become the ideological source and theoretical basis for the self-examination consciousness of Confucianism in the Han and Tang Dynasties and Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties.Although the self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians is simple and unsystematic,it shows the theoretical characteristics of subjectivity,consciousness,musical sense and humanity as a whole.The self-examination consciousness of the Pre-Qin Confucians is a watershed to divide the gentleman and the villain.It is an important rule to deal with the relationship between man and himself.It opens up the tradition of self-examination of Confucians,and provides the ideological resources and important enlightenment for the promotion of the current moral construction of citizens and the awakening of the contemporary self-examination consciousness.
作者
董兴杰
DONG Xing-jie(College of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)
出处
《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2020年第1期53-61,共9页
Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“宋代《周礼》学研究”(13YJA770011)
关键词
先秦
儒家
自省意识
私德
the Pre-Qin period
Confucianism
self-reflection consciousness
private morality
