摘要
对于外国人进入康藏游历,晚清中央、地方政府采取了大量相关的对策措施。总体而言,1875年前清廷的对策可概括为"入康不入藏",即有限度地允许或默许外国人进入康区活动,而对于入藏则加以严禁,一经发现,即刻押解出藏区;康藏地方各界亦对外国人谋求入藏持强烈抵制和反对态度。丁宝桢督川时期,利用康藏地方各界"阻洋"的普遍社会心理,采取"借藏阻洋"的策略,强调"康藏有别",力图使外国人难以进入藏区腹地。这一策略收到了一定效果,但也有多方面负面效应,加剧了康藏地区本就复杂的局势,造成"洋汉均阻"等问题的出现。赵尔丰调督川康后,实行"川康有别"的措施,进一步加强了对入康外国人的管理。外国人进入康藏游历以及晚清各界的上述做法,在近代中外关系史和康藏局势上产生了多重后果。
Central government,Sichuan provincial government and Khams-Tibetan local authorities in late Qing dynasty influenced lots of policies to deal with affairs of foreigners travelling into Khams-Tibetan region.The Qing government mainly carried out the policy of "To Khams but not to Tibet" before 1875,which means that foreigners were permitted to enter Khams region but not Tibet.Anyone who violated this would immediately be escorted out of Tibet.The Khams-Tibetan local authorities and communities also took a hostile attitude to and strongly resisted foreigners coming to their region.During the satrap of Ding Baozhen,based on the "resisting foreigners" psychology existed in local Tibetans,he made the policy of "to Khams but not to Tibet",which made it difficult for foreigners to enter Tibetan hinterlands.Despite positive effects under this policy,some consequences were shown in many fields.During the satrap of Zhao erfeng,he implemented the policy of "to Sichuan but not to Khams" which,compared to"To Khams but not to Tibet",was even more strict for foreigners.Such policies of the Late Qing dynasty restricting foreigners’ travelling in Khams-Tibetan region had greatly influenced Sinoforeign relations and Khams-Tibetan region situation of Modern times.
作者
向玉成
肖萍
XIANG Yu-cheng;XIAO Ping(School of Tourism&Cultural Industry,Sichuan Tourism University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610100,China;School of Marxism,Sichuan Tourism University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610100,China)
出处
《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第1期156-166,共11页
Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金西部项目“近代外国人在卫藏游历考察研究”(15XZS007)之阶段性成果
关键词
外国人
入康藏游历
丁宝桢
赵尔丰
foreigners
travel to Khams-Tibetan region
Ding Baozhen
ZHAO Erfeng
