摘要
为优化糯玉米氮磷钾施用,提高糯玉米产量和肥料利用效率,开展了鲜食糯玉米京科糯2000氮磷钾配施试验,探讨氮磷钾配施对糯玉米农艺性状、产量和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配施增加糯玉米穗粒数和粒重,提高经济产量与鲜穗商品性,鲜穗产量为988.3 kg/667m2,并可有效促进糯玉米植株对养分的吸收积累,提高籽粒含K量和茎叶N、P含量,籽粒和茎叶的N、P、K吸收量均为最高,全株N、P、K养分吸收总量也最高;每生产100 kg糯玉米籽粒N、P 2O 5、K 2O养分吸收量分别为3.94 kg、1.38 kg、5.41 kg,氮、磷、钾肥料利用率为41.88%、14.01%、40.10%,农学效率为10.87、3.69、5.16 kg/kg。施用氮磷钾3因子中,对糯玉米经济产量的影响和促进养分吸收积累作用:氮>钾>磷,施氮促进植株对氮磷钾养分吸收利用效果最为明显。氮磷钾配施能有效改善糯玉米农艺性状,优化产量构成因子,提高产量,增加养分吸收利用,提高肥料利用效率。在生产实际中,要优化氮磷钾配合施用,尤其注重氮肥的施用,提升施肥效果。
In order to optimize the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in waxy corn,increase the yield of waxy corn and the efficiency of fertilizer use.The experiment of N,P,K application of fresh glutinous corn Jingke Nuo 2000 was carried out.To explore the effects of combined application of N,P and K on agronomic traits,yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of waxy corn.The results showed that the combination of N,P,K could increasing the number of kernels and grain weight,thus increasing economic yield and commercial quality of fresh ears.The yield of fresh ears was 988.3 kg/667m2.Combined application of N,P,K could effectively promote the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in waxy corn plants,the potassium content and the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the stem and leaf were increased,and the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake of the seeds and stems and leaves were the highest,and the total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of the whole plant was also the highest.The nutrient uptake of N,P 2O 5 and K 2O per 100 kg of waxy corn kernels was 3.94 kg、1.38 kg、5.41 kg,respectively.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer utilization rates were 41.88%,14.01%and 40.10%,and the agronomic efficiency was 10.87、3.69、5.16 kg/kg.The three factors of N,P and K,Impact on waxy maize economic yield and promote nutrient absorption accumulation effect:nitrogen>potassium>phosphorus.The most obvious effect on the uptake and utilization of N,P and K was Nitrogen application.Application of N,P,K could effectively improve the agronomic characteristics of waxy corn,and to optimize yield composition factor.As the same time,it could increase nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization efficiency,thus increasing yield.In production practice,in order to improve the effect of fertilization,it is necessary to optimize the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,especially the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
作者
邓小强
范贵国
刘中祥
DENG Xiaoqiang;FAN Guiguo;LIU Zhongxiang(Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Xishui County inGuizhou Province,Xishui Guizhou 564600)
出处
《耕作与栽培》
2019年第5期13-18,共6页
Tillage and Cultivation
基金
国家农业部“化肥减量增效示范项目”(2018)
关键词
糯玉米
施肥
农艺性状
产量
养分利用
waxy corn
fertilization
agronomic traits
yield
nutrient utilization
