摘要
西周末期,随着黄河流域气候的逐渐干旱寒冷,自然灾害频繁且严重,其中旱灾14年次、寒灾2年次、震灾2年次;西周末期政治重心的转移是在特定灾害背景下的一个过程,不是一蹴而就的。西周末期一百多年的天灾,导致黄河流域尤其是黄河中游地区生存环境恶化,经济大幅度衰退,社会秩序也迅速崩坏,统治秩序也发生较大变化。在军事上,宗周成为被动防御戎狄入侵的前线,成周则是对东南夷掠夺战争的基地;在经济上,成周逐渐成为经济中心,拥有大量的诸侯贡赋和从东南夷掠夺来的物资囤积。西周末期的政治重心东迁至成周,是在黄河流域尤其是黄河中游地区自然灾害频仍的背景下出现的。
At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, with the climate of the Yellow River Basin becoming ever-growingly dry and cold, natural disasters were very frequent and serious, among which droughts had haunted for 14 years, cold disasters, for 2 years, and earthquakes, for 2 years. Under the background of the specific disasters, the transfer of the political center at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty was quite a long process rather than a short-time move. The natural disasters in the late Western Zhou Dynasty had lasted for more than 100 years, as a result, the living environment became deteriorated in the Yellow River Basin, especially in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the economy declined sharply, the social order collapsed rapidly, and the ruling order changed greatly. In the light of military affairs, Zongzhou became the frontline of the passive defense against the invasion of the western and northern tribes, also called Rongdi tribes whereas Chengzhou became the base against the plunders from the eastern and southern tribes. Gradually, Chengzhou became the economic center with a large amount of vassals’ tributes and material hoards, looted from the eastern and southern tribes. At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the political center moved eastward to Chengzhou as a result of the frequent natural disasters in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
作者
潘明娟
PAN Ming-juan(Guanzhong Historical and Cultural Research Center,Xidian University,Xi9 an 710126,China)
出处
《唐都学刊》
2020年第1期68-74,共7页
Tangdu Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金项目:“先秦都城制度研究”(18XZS008)阶段性成果
关键词
西周末期
政治重心迁移
自然灾害
late Western Zhou Dynasty
transfer of the political center
natural disaster
