摘要
剑湖是云贵高原重要的水鸟越冬地,掌握其冬季水鸟群落特征对水鸟保护以及湿地资源管理具有重要指导意义。于2017年和2018年冬季采用样点法对剑湖进行了水鸟多样性调查。共记录到水鸟6目9科36种,种类组成上以雁形目鸭科鸟类为主(16种),但数量上以秧鸡科骨顶鸡(36.53%)和紫水鸡(17.09%)为优势。根据物种丰富度非参数估计,剑湖水鸟丰富度为42.80±0.86。从居留类型上来看,剑湖水鸟以冬候鸟为主,占总记录种数的72.22%。对比两冬季数据发现剑湖水鸟多样性存在显著的年际变化,2017年冬季物种丰富度指数、辛普森指数及个体总数量均高于2018年冬季(P<0.05)。2年间剑湖的关键保护物种—紫水鸡,由767只快速增长到1019只,年增长率为32.86%。本研究表明,剑湖具有云贵高原水鸟群落的典型特点,在保护水鸟多样性上具有重要价值。另外,随着紫水鸡种群数量的快速增长,管理部门应对紫水鸡开展针对性的保护和管理工作。
Jianhu Lake is an important wintering site for waterbirds on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.Understanding the characteristics of wintering waterfowl communities can help guide waterbird protection and wetland resource management.In the winters of 2017 and 2018,we quantified the diversity of waterbirds at Jianhu Lake using the point-count method.We recorded 36 species of waterbirds representing 6 orders and 9 families.The species composition was dominated by the Anseriformes,family Anatidae(16 species),but bird numbers were dominated by common coot Fulica atra(36.53%)and purple swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio(17.09%).Richness of Jianhu Lake waterbirds was 42.80±0.86.Winter migrants dominated counts,accounting for 72.22%of all recorded species.Waterbird diversity differed significantly between winters of two years in Jianhu Lake.Species richness,Simpson s diversity,and total counts in the winter of 2017 were higher than those in the winter of 2018(P<0.05).In two years,purple swamphen(the key protected species of Jianhu Lake),increased rapidly from 767 to 1019,with an annual growth rate of 32.86%.This study shows that Jianhu Lake has the typical characteristics of water bird community in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and has great value in protecting the diversity of water birds.In addition,with the rapid growth of purple swamphen,the management department should carry out targeted protection and management of purple swamphen.
作者
杨文军
刘强
田昆
YANG Wenjun;LIU Qiang;TIAN Kun(College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;College of Wetland,Southwest Forestry University/National Plateau Wetland Research Center,Kunming,650224,China;National Positioning Research Station for Dianchi Wetland Ecosystem,Kunming,650224,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2020年第1期92-99,共8页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)
西南林业大学科研启动基金项目(111805)
云南省高原湿地科学创新团队项目(2012HC007)
关键词
剑湖
水鸟群落
紫水鸡
Jianhu Lake
Waterbirds community
Porphyrio Porphyrio
