摘要
清朝乾隆年间,通过康雍乾三朝的战争,彻底平定了长期雄踞西北边疆地区的准噶尔蒙古部落。重新统一西北边疆地区后,游牧于哈萨克大草原,历来与准噶尔蒙古时战时和的哈萨克族也向清朝表示投诚,进而成为清朝的藩部之一。从乾隆二十三年(1758年)开始直到十九世纪中叶,清朝与哈萨克在双方约定的固定地点,以江南地区出产的丝绸、茶叶、瓷器,南疆地区的回布和其他物资换取对方的马匹及其他牲畜,开展了旷日持久的绢马贸易。为了保障贸易的顺利进行,清朝建立了一整套行之有效的制度,增强了哈萨克对清王朝的向心力,维护了边疆安全,也在一定程度上保证了丝绸之路的畅通。
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, through the wars in Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong’s period, the ancient Junggar Monggol tribe, which had long been dominant in the northwest frontier area, was completely calmed down. After the reunification of the northwest frontier area, the Kazakh people, nomadic in the Kazakh prairie, had always expressed their devotion to the Qing Dynasty with the ancient wartime Kazakhs of Junggar Mong, and then became one of the vassals of the Qing Dynasty. From the year of 1758 until the middle of the nineteenth century, the Qing Dynasty and Kazakhstan carried out a long-term silkhorse trade in exchange for each other’s horses and other livestock with silk, tea and porcelain produced in the south of the Yangtze River, Huibu(a kind of cloth used by Hui Nationality) and other materials in the south of Xinjiang.In order to safeguard trade,the Qing Dynasty established a set of effective systems, strengthening Kazakhstan’s centripetal force toward the Qing Dynasty, maintained border security and, to a certain extent, ensured the smooth passage of the Silk Road.
作者
牛海桢
Niu Haizhen(College of Tourism,Lanzhou University of Arts and Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730030,China)
出处
《天水师范学院学报》
2019年第5期57-64,共8页
Journal of Tianshui Normal University
基金
国家社科基金“清朝新疆移民问题与边疆开发研究”（19BZS128）阶段性成果
关键词
乾隆朝
哈萨克
绢马贸易
Emperor Qianlong’s period
Kazakhstan
Silk-Horse Trade
