摘要
人类航天科技的发展,为实施近地天体防御提供了可能。尽管在技术层面切实可行,但在国际法律框架下,实施近地天体防御是否合法,尚不明确。本文主要从防御主体、防御技术手段两方面分析近地天体防御的合法性问题。首先,国家、国际组织、私人实体在航天活动中发挥着各自的作用,从《联合国宪章》、《外空条约》第6条和第13条规定看,具备参与实施近地天体防御的主体资格;其次,从防御技术手段来看,对于激光、动能撞击器等技术,《外空条约》第4条为这些技术的使用留有余地。最具争议的是核爆装置可否作为防御手段,本文通过分析《联合国宪章》第103条与《外空条约》第4条的关系以及禁核试验相关条约的"例外规定",认为核爆装置能够用于近地天体防御;再次,从表面上看外空军控和实施近地天体防御似乎相互矛盾,但实际上,随着外空军控从"外空无军"向"外空限军"的理念转变、从"物控"向"行为控"的模式转变,近地天体防御反而将对其产生积极影响;最后,本文从技术与政策角度,为我国现阶段如何应对近地天体防御提出些许建议。
With the advancement of aerospace science and technology, it is of probability for us to defense near-Earth objects.Despite it is technically applicable, the legitimacy of near-Earth object defense is unclear and uncertain in accordance with the international laws. This article is intended to analyze this issue from two aspects: the subjects and the technologies. First and foremost, nations, international organizations and private entities are all making differences in aerospace activities. According to the UN Charter and Articles 6 and 13 of the Outer Space Treaty, they are qualified to be the subjects of defensing near-Earth objects. Secondly, when it comes to the technologies, there are lasers and kinetic energy impactors elaborated in the Article 4 of the Outer Space Treaty. Nuclear explosive devices, however, could be considered as the most controversial technology of near-Earth object defense. According to the Article 103 of the UN Charter, the Article 4 of the Outer Space Treaty and the exceptional provisions of the nuclear test ban, nuclear explosive devices are applicable to near-Earth objects defense. In addition, it seems to be paradoxical to defense near-Earth objects and control arms in outer space. As a matter of fact, near-Earth object defense will make a positive impact as we transform the concept from no arms to limited arms and the format from object control to behaviors control in outer space. Last but not least, the article provides some suggestions on how to deal with the problems of near-Earth object defense at present from the perspectives of technology and policy.
作者
弓楗
张维
GONG Jian;ZHANG Wei(School of Law,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《空间碎片研究》
2019年第3期50-56,共7页
Space Debris Research
关键词
近地天体防御
防御手段
外空军控
near-Earth object defense
defense technology
arms control in outer space
