摘要
利用西双版纳热带雨林地区景洪、勐海和勐腊气象站1959-2018年逐日气象资料,分析了近60年来西双版纳热带雨林地区气温、降水等气候特征。结果表明,1959年以来,景洪地区存在显著增温趋势(0.28℃/10年),明显高于同时期中国平均气温的增加幅度;而以2010年为界,勐海和勐腊的年平均气温呈现剧烈下降的趋势(-1.8和-1.5℃/10年)。与夏季平均气温的变幅相比,热带雨林地区冬季平均气温的降温更显著,且勐海和勐腊变化趋势与年平均气温的气候特征一致。热带雨林地区3个站年总降水量及各季节降水量在1959-2018年并没有显著增加或减少的趋势。景洪、勐海地区在第26候进入雨季,勐腊在第25候进入雨季,持续时间景洪和勐腊为4.6个月,勐海5.1个月。自20世纪90年代中后期以来,勐腊年平均风速的增加强度明显于景洪,这因为景洪站地处城区,城市变化剧烈,地表粗糙度增加显著。日照时数和云量呈反向的季节变化,降雨量的多年平均逐候变化与日照时数、总云量,尤其是低云云量相关,降雨量随风速的增大而减小。
Using daily meteorological observation collected at Jinghong,Menghai and Mengla stations from 1959 to2018,the climatological characteristics in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau tropical rainforest were analyzed. The results showed that the annual mean surface air temperature obviously had been increasing after 1959(0.28℃ per 10 years) at Jinghong,and the increase was significantly larger than for the entire China.However,the annual mean surface air temperature decreased slightly at Menghai and Mengla(-1.8 and-1.5℃ per 10 years) after 2010. Compared with the range of mean temperature decrease in the summer,the mean surface air temperature decrease in winter was more significantly,and the trend of mean surface air temperature at Menghai and Mengla in the winter was consistent with that of annual mean temperature. There were no obvious changing trends of annual total precipitation and seasonal precipitation at tropical rainforest from 1959 to 2018. The rainy season for Jinghong and Menghai and Menghai started from Pentad 26 and 25,respectively. The season lasted for 4.6 months at Jinghong and Mengla,and lasted for 5.1 month at Menghai,respectively. Since the 1990 s,the increase in annual mean wind speed at Mengla was larger than that at Jinghong. That was because the Jinghong meteorological station was located at the urban area of Jinghong and the urbanization had led to large increase in the surface roughness. The seasonal variations of sunshine duration and cloud cover(including total cloud and low cloud) were opposite. The pentad-mean precipitation was correlated with sunshine duration and total cloud,especially low cloud,and decreased with increasing wind speed.
作者
字冉
孔震
朱原钦
ZI Ran(Meteorological Bureau of Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100)
出处
《农业灾害研究》
2019年第6期61-66,114,共7页
Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology
关键词
气温
降水
西双版纳
热带雨林
Air temperature
Precipitation
Xishuang Banna
Tropical rainforest
