摘要
Grassland ecosystems are one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems on the earth.Central Asia has the largest contiguous grazing area in the world and good conditions for the development of animal husbandry.However,in the past 30 years,the grassland ecosystem in Central Asia has experienced significant degradation,and the livestock industry has also experienced an overall decline to the point that livestock products are now dependent on imports.The ecological footprint method was used to analyze the change trend and characteristics of grassland ecological carrying capacity and ecological occupation in Central Asia.The grassland ecological capacity in Central Asia was found to be much higher than the global level,and great potential still remains for further development and utilization.The international trade of livestock products in Central Asian countries showed a deficit,and the net import of livestock products increased year by year.Net imports reached 9.5%in 1992-2016,and the dependence on foreign countries increased significantly,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of animal husbandry in Central Asia.In the future,the counties of Central Asia should optimize the aspects of policy,management and technology to improve the productivity of grassland animal husbandry,strengthen grassland ecological protection,and realize the coordinated and sustainable development of their grassland ecological economic systems.
草地生态系统是地球上最重要的陆地生态系统之一,中亚地区拥有世界上最大的连片草原,具有发展畜牧业的良好条件。但是近30年来中亚草地生态系统出现了显著的退化,同时畜牧业也出现了整体衰退,畜产品转而依赖进口。研究采用生态足迹方法,分析了中亚地区草地生态承载容量及其生态占用的变化趋势及特征,发现中亚地区草地生态容量远高于全球水平,尚有较大的开发利用潜力。通过对中亚各国畜产品国际贸易的分析发现,各国畜产品国际贸易呈现逆差,且净进口量逐年增加。畜产品对外依存度持续增加,不利于中亚地区畜牧业持续性发展。未来,中亚国家应从产业政策、生态治理、科技创新等要素着手,进行系统优化和提升,提高草地畜牧业生产率,同时加强草地生态保护,实现草地生态经济系统的协调性和可持续发展。
基金
The Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of Tibet Plateau—Regional Function Types and Zoning Plans(2019QZKK0406)
The Research on Resource Bottleneck and Security Guarantees for One-hundred strategic Targets(Y9X0722601)
