摘要
常用的水土保持措施是退耕还林,但淮河流域是中国重要的农业产区,大规模实行退耕还林并不现实,所以通过调整耕地类型来减少水土流失可能是解决社会经济发展和生态保护矛盾的好方法。为研究不同耕地类型对流域水文要素及产沙的影响,考虑水田和旱地两种耕地类型对淮河息县水文站上游流域构建SWAT模型,构造A(实际耕地利用方式)、B(所有耕地为水田)和C(所有耕地为旱地)三种耕地类型情景,比较不同耕地类型情景下流域水文要素及产沙的变化情况。研究结果表明:所构建的SWAT模型在息县流域径流及泥沙模拟中具有良好的适用性,R2和NSE(Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency)均达到0.75以上;水田和旱地两种不同耕地类型对流域多年年均蒸散发及多年平均径流量影响较小,但对流域产沙量影响较大,在汛期更为明显,模拟期内每平方公里水田每年最多比旱地少产沙491.8t,平均每年少产沙约208.7t。采取水田耕种比旱地耕种更有利于减少息县流域内的水土流失。
The Huaihe River basin is suffering from serious soil erosion in recent decades. Thus, it is urgent to control the soil erosion. Commonly used measures to maintain water and soil are returning farmland to forests, as it is an important agricultural production area in China, large-scale return of arable land to forests is unrealistic. Adjusting the type of arable land for maintaining water and soil is an alternative way to balance the contradictions between economic development and ecological protection. In order to analyze the effects of different types of arable land on hydrology and sediment yield in a basin, the SWAT model was constructed for the upper catchment of the Xixian hydrological station in the Huaihe River which takes both the paddy field and the dry land into account. Three scenarios were considered as follows:(A) Actual arable land use method,(B) all arable land is paddy field, and(C) all arable land are dry lands. The results show that the SWAT model has good accuracy in simulations of runoff and sediment in the Xixian basin, both of the R2 and NSE(Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency) values are greater than 0.75. The two different types of arable land in paddy fields and dry land have little impacts on the annual average evapotranspiration and annual average runoff of the basin, but have a greater impact on the sediment yield, especially in flood seasons. Compared to dry land, the paddy field could decrease the sediment yield in the range from 33.5 t to 491.8 t, with an average of 208.7 t during the simulation period. This study suggests that taking paddy field cultivation is more conducive to reducing soil erosion in the Xixian River basin than dryland cultivation.
作者
魏冲
董晓华
刘冀
李英海
万浩
喻丹
徐时进
王凯
WEI Chong;DONG Xiaohua;LIU Ji;LI Yinghai;WAN Hao;YU Dan;XU Shijin;WANG Kai(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Resources Security,Wuhan 430072,China;Bureau of Lushui Experimental Hydropower Complex Management,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Chibi 437300,China;Hydrologic Bureau of Huaihe River Commission,Bengbu 233001,China)
出处
《水文》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期20-26,共6页
Journal of China Hydrology
基金
水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301066)
国家自然科学基金项目(40701024)
关键词
耕地类型
SWAT模型
产沙模拟
水文响应
arable land type
SWAT model
sediment yield simulation
hydrological response
