摘要
关于自动驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任问题,其责任承担的主体及形式、保险责任的划分为当前的争议焦点,也因此造成实践中的认定困境。对于可否赋予人工智能法律人格、赋予自动驾驶汽车主体资格,使其独立承担责任的问题,学界亦争论已久。基于保障消费者利益、维护被侵权人权利、促进自动驾驶产业发展的考量,单纯为了解释人工智能的行为效力而赋予其主体资格是不必要的,"参照电梯侵权责任说"亦不可采,更不应由消费者承担责任。将自动驾驶汽车的供应方界定为责任承担的主体,由其承担产品责任,方能符合风险与收益相一致原则,保障产品的质量,提升自动驾驶技术的安全性能,更好地保护被害人利益。尽管产品责任制度对于自动驾驶具有很强的调整适应性,但也存在对受害人救济不及时、诉讼成本过高等缺陷。通过建构针对自动驾驶汽车的强制保险机制,创新责任保险模式,由制造商或所有人负担强制保险,可有效补充产品责任,及时高效地救济受害人,分散事故风险。
With regard to the tort liability of self-driving automobiles accidents,the main body of liability and the form of responsibility commitment are the focus of the current controversy,which also causes the dilemma of identification in practice.The academic community has debated for a long time about whether the legal personality of artificial intelligence can be endowed with the qualification of self-driving automobiles and its independent liability.Considering the protection of consumers'interests,the protection of infringed rights and the promotion of the development of the autopilot industry,it is not necessary to give AI the principal qualification solely for the purpose of explaining the effectiveness of AI's behavior.“Reference to Elevator Tort Liability Theory”is also inappropriate,and consumers do not need to take responsibility.The supplier of self-driving automobiles should be defined as the main body of responsibility,and the product liability is borne by it.It can be consistent with the principle of consistency of risks and benefits,guarantee product quality,enhance the safety performance of self-driving automobiles technology,and better protect the interests of victims.Although the product liability system has a strong adaptability to the adjustment of self-driving automobiles,there are also shortcomings such as the untimely relief to victims and the high litigation cost.By setting up a compulsory insurance mechanism for auto driving vehicles and innovating the liability insurance mode,the manufacturer or owner can afford the compulsory insurance,which can effectively supplement product liability,relieve victims in time and effectively,and disperse accident risk.
作者
陈磊
Chen Lei(Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)
出处
《中国科技论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第12期146-155,共10页
Forum on Science and Technology in China
基金
国家社科基金项目“风险社会视阈下人工智能产品责任研究”(18CFX046)
首都经济贸易大学大学生创新创业项目“自动驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任主体问题研究”(2019ZD15)
关键词
自动驾驶汽车
交通事故
产品责任
强制保险
Self driving automobiles
Traffic accident
Product liability
Compulsory insurance
