摘要
目前对高速列车转向架零部件异常振动问题的处理大多侧重于成因分析,从产生异常振动的源头上提出控制措施,不能从根本上解决异常振动的问题。在零部件结构可调整的情况下,参数优化对解决异常振动问题更加有效。现场试验发现,我国某型高速动车组在运营过程中出现吊耳装置异常振动且个别出现明显断裂裂纹的现象,针对此问题,采用有限元法,对其结构进行参数优化。对吊耳装置开展运行状态下的振动、应力特性和静态力锤模态特性测试,掌握了吊耳装置的加速度和应力响应频谱特性,分析异常振动的成因,确定目标变量。然后建立吊耳装置有限元分析模型,分析吊耳装置的振动特性、应力特性和疲劳寿命,研究吊耳装置的厚度和倒圆角半径对其振动特性、应力水平和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,吊耳装置厚度增加3cm、6cm、9cm,振动显著频段加速度有效值分别降低4.6dB、6.1dB和8.9dB,断裂处应力分别降低11.8%、19.0%和23.9%,疲劳寿命分别提高1.9倍、3.3倍和4.3倍;倒圆角半径增大3mm、6cm和9cm,显著频段加速度有效值分别降低6.8dB、10.9dB和15.7dB,1阶弯曲模态对应频率逐渐远离轴箱激励的显著区域,断裂处横向应力分别降低25.7%、38.6%和52.9%,疲劳寿命分别提高1.8倍、3.6倍和5.1倍。吊耳装置优化后的结构参数为:厚度20cm,倒圆角半径9cm,中间幅板宽度30cm,螺孔半径8.5cm。相关研究可为吊耳装置的设计提供参数范围,对降低运营过程中吊耳装置的异常振动、降低应力以减少断裂发生和提高疲劳寿命提供参考。
Most abnormal vibration problem study of bogie components of high-speed trains focus on the cause analy-sis,and the control measures are put forward based on the sources of the abnormal vibration.However,these measures can-not fundamentally solve the abnormal vibration.Parameter optimization is more effective for solving the abnormal vibration problem when the structures of the component parts are adjustable.Field test shows that the abnormal vibration of the lifting lug device appears in a domestic high-speed EMU in the operation process and sometime the device has obvious fracture cracks.In view of this problem,spectrum characteristics of acceleration and stress in abnormal vibration were tested and ana-lyzed by means of field measurements to explore their mechanisms and find the target variables for optimization.Then,the finite element analysis model of the lifting lug device was established,the characteristics of vibration,stress and fatigue life of the lifting lug were analyzed,and the effects of changing thickness and radius of the chamfer were studied.The results show that as the thickness of the lifting lug device increases by 3 cm,6 cm and 9 cm respectively,the effective value of the acceleration in the significant frequency band of vibration decreases by 4.6 dB,6.1 dB and 8.9 dB,the stress in the fracture area decreases by 11.8%,19.0%and 23.9%,and the fatigue life increases by 1.9 times,3.3 times and 4.3 times.As the radi-us of chamfer increases by 3 cm,6 cm and 9 cm respectively,the effective value of acceleration in significant frequency band of vibration decreases by 6.8 dB,10.9 dB and 15.7 dB,the stress at the fracture area decreases by 25.7%,38.6%and 52.9%,and the fatigue life increases by 1.8,3.6 and 5.1 times.The optimal structural parameters of the lifting lug device are:20 cm for the thickness,9 cm for the radius of the chamfer,30 cm for the width of the middle web,and 8.5 cm for the ra-dius of the screw hole.This research provides a reference for the design of lifting lug devices and the prepa
作者
覃才
高阳
韩健
肖新标
QIN Cai;GAO Yang;HAN Jian;XIAO Xinbiao(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,Liaoning China;Research and Development Center of National Railway Vehicles Engineering,China Railway Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,China)
出处
《噪声与振动控制》
CSCD
2019年第6期95-101,共7页
Noise and Vibration Control
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200503-02/2016YFB1200506-08)
战略性国际科技创新合作重点专项资助项目(2016YFE0205200)
关键词
振动与波
高速动车组
吊耳装置
振动特性
应力分布
结构参数
疲劳寿命
vibration and wave
high-speed EMU
lifting lug device
vibration characteristic
stress distribution
struc tural parameters
fatigue life
