摘要
【目的】满足广东油甘生产技术需求和提高果农栽培水平。【方法】以白玉油甘新品种为试验对象,在汕尾地区进行高接换种及其优质高效栽培技术研究。【结果】白玉油甘在汕尾地区种植适应性好,平均单果重为10.36 g,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量分别为8.7%和1.03%,固酸比为8.45,总糖为58.5 mg/g,维生素C 2.77 mg/g,单宁为1.18 mg/g,可食率为92.5%;且可留树保鲜,延迟采收,不影响其品质;配套关键栽培技术中高接换种可实现3年生油甘单株产量达35.2 kg;增施生物有机肥和叶面有机液肥可显著增加油甘果实单果重和维生素C、总糖含量,降低单宁含量;地膜覆盖除草以及利用杀虫灯、黄板等物理措施诱杀害虫,结合生物农药科学使用的病虫害绿色防控措施,每年可减少化学农药使用次数5~7次。【结论】利用此技术可实现每667 m^2油甘栽培1年生树年产546.0 kg、2年生树年产909.0 kg、3年生树年产2112.0 kg,果实单果大、高糖低酸、涩味轻,商品性好,达到早结丰产、绿色优质的栽培目的。
【Objective】The study was conducted to meet the technical requirements of Phyllanthus emblica fruit production and improve the cultivation level of farmers in Guangdong Province.【Method】Taking a new variety of P.emblica Baiyu as the test subject,and it was introduced by high-grafting and its cultivation techniques were studied in Shanwei.【Result】Baiyu was well adapted to grow in Shanwei,with an average single fruit weight of 10.36 g,soluble solid and titratable acid contents of 8.7%and 1.03%,and TSS-acid ratio of 8.45.The contents of total sugar,vitamin C and tannin were 58.5 mg/g,2.77 mg/g and 1.18 mg/g,respectively,and the edible rate was 92.5%.The fruits could keep fresh on the tree and the fruit harvesting could be delayed without affecting the quality.With the key cultivation techniques,a three-year-old tree cultivated by high grafted-bud could achieve a yield of 35.2 kg per plant.The increasing application of bio-organic fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer on leaf surface could significantly increase the single fruit weight,and the contents of vitamin C and total sugar,while decrease the tannin content.The ways of weeding with plastic mulching,controlling diseases and pest with insecticidal lamp,yellow sticky board and other physical measures,and applying biological pesticide scientifically could decrease the usage of chemical pesticide for 5~7 times in a year.【Conclusion】Using these techniques,the yields of P.emblica Baiyu were 546.0 kg(one-year-old tree),909.0 kg(two-year-old tree)and 2112.0 kg(three-year-old tree)per 667 m^2,and such variety possesses large single fruit,high sugar and low acid,mild astringency and good commodity quality,which meeting the cultivation goal of early harvest and productive yield with green and high quality.
作者
赖多
邵雪花
肖维强
匡石滋
林文胜
高国华
LAI Duo;SHAO Xuehua;XIAO Weiqiang;KUANG Shizi;LIN Wensheng;GAO Guohua(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Province Key Laboratary of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China;Puning Fruit and Vegetable Bureau,Puning 515300,China;Kuichishan Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative,Shanwei Overseas Chinese Administrative District,Shanwei 516532,China)
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
2019年第10期26-32,共7页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(粤农计〔2018〕37号)
广东省农业科学院科技人才培养项目(2018—2020)
关键词
油甘
高接换种
栽培技术
优质丰产
余甘子
Phyllanthus emblica
high-grafting
cultivation technique
high yield and quality
grafted-bud
