摘要
教育已逐渐进入人工智能时代。人工智能技术在改变教育的同时,也在给教育带来不可预知的风险。本研究旨在分析人工智能教育应用中使用算法及计算模型对教育进行量化和计算所造成的潜在风险,并分析其产生根源,提出风险管控建议。研究首先采用预测分析法,对算法本身存在问题进行分析,预测算法的简约化、算法的大规模应用、算法黑箱、算法偏见、算法鸿沟以及过度依赖算法给学生、教师学习成长和个性发展带来的风险;然后采用矛盾分析法对比分析教育的模糊性与算法的确定性之间的矛盾、学生发展的个性化与算法公式化之间的矛盾、教师专业能力具身性与算法去技能化之间的矛盾、教育规则的灵活性与算法硬规则之间的矛盾等,探讨风险产生的原因;最后在综合分析的基础上,按照以人为本的原则提出保持教师在人工智能教育应用中的主导地位、以教育学的方式应用和管理人工智能算法、保持算法和计算模型的透明化和可解释性、建立算法教育应用风险评估和风险管理机制等管控算法风险的对策建议。
Education has gradually entered the era of Artificial Intelligence.While changing education,Artificial Intelligence technology is also bringing unpredictable risks to it.The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential risks caused by using algorithms and computing models to quantify and calculate the education.The aim of study is also to discover the basic causes of the risks in the application process of Artificial Intelligence in education,and to propose the solutions for risk management and control.First of all,predictive analysis is adopted to analyze the problems existing in the algorithm for students’and teachers'learning growth and personality development.These problems include the simplification of the prediction algorithm,large-scale application of the algorithm,algorithm black box,algorithm bias,algorithm gap,and the risks brought by teachers'over-reliance on the algorithm.Then the causes of risk are discussed by using the method of contradiction analysis.The analysis contrasts between the fuzziness of education and the certainty of the algorithm,between the personalization of students'development and the formulation of the algorithm,between the embodiment of teachers'professional ability and the demilitarization of the algorithm,between the flexibility of education rules and the hard rules of the algorithm.Finally,on the basis of comprehensive analysis,according to the people-oriented principle,put forward countermeasures and suggestions to control algorithm risks.These suggestions include maintaining the dominant position of teachers in the application of Artificial Intelligence education,applying and managing Artificial Intelligence algorithms in a pedagogical way,and keeping algorithms and computational models transparent and interpretable.Risk assessment as well as risk management mechanism of algorithm education application should be also established.
作者
谭维智
TAN Weizhi(Faculty of Education,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,Shandong 273165,China;Chinese Academy of Education Big Data,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,Shandong 273165,China)
出处
《开放教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期20-30,共11页
Open Education Research
基金
2017年度山东省社会科学规划新型智库研究专项“‘互联网+’时代教育评价体系研究”(17CZKJ04)
关键词
人工智能
算法风险
教育规律
以人为本
Artificial Intelligence
Algorithmic Risk
Law of Education
People Foremost
