摘要
目的了解上海市奉贤区涉及矽尘作业危害企业生产车间作业环境中矽尘的职业危害和分布情况,为改善车间作业环境、保护劳动者身心健康提供科学依据。方法于2019年1月,对辖区内2014至2018年87家涉及矽尘作业企业的421名作业工人的个体采样监测数据以及现场劳动卫生学调查数据进行汇总分析,用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料为偏态分布采用秩和检验,计数资料组间率的比较采用χ^2检验或Fisher确切检率法。结果车间空气中矽尘总尘浓度检测数值分布范围为(0.021~17.000)mg/m^3、中位数为1.600 mg/m^3、合格率为30.88%。不同年份矽尘总尘浓度差异有统计学意义(χ^2=38.831,P<0.05),小型规模企业合格率高于中型规模企业(χ^2=9.472,P<0.05),其他内资企业的检测合格率高于私营企业和外资企业(χ^2=10.089,P<0.05),金属制品制造业检测合格率低于通用设备制造业和其他制造业企业(χ^2=64.626,P<0.05),自然通风的检测合格率高于机械通风方式(χ^2=6.278,P<0.05)。结论奉贤区涉矽作业企业需要进一步加强生产工艺改革、改善通风除尘防护措施。
Objective To understand the occupational hazard and distribution of silica dust(free SiO2≥10%)in the workplace environment of the enterprises in Fengxian District,and to provide scientific basis for improving the working environment and protecting the physical and mental health of the workers.Methods Individual sampling monitoring and on-site labor hygiene investigation were conducted on 421 workers involved in 87 silicon dust enterprises in the jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018,and measured concentration-time weighted average(CTWA).Results The results showed that the range of the CTWA was(0.021~17.000)mg/m^3,the median was 1.600 mg/m^3,and the qualified rate of 30.88%.The difference of total dust concentration was statistically significant in different years(Z=38.831,P<0.05).The qualified rate of small-scale enterprises is higher than that of medium-scale enterprises(χ^2=9.472,P<0.05).The qualified rate of other domestic enterprises is higher than that of private enterprises and foreign enterprises(χ^2=10.089,P<0.05).The acceptance rate of metal products manufacturing is lower than that of general equipment manufacturing and other manufacturing enterprises(χ^2=64.626,P<0.05).The qualification rate of natural ventilation is higher than that of mechanical ventilation(χ^2=6.278,P<0.05).Conclusion The enterprises involved in silicon production in Fengxian District need to further strengthen the production process reform and improve the ventilation and dust removal protection measures.Widely carry out the publicity of occupational disease prevention and control law,conduct targeted pre-job training,improve workers'awareness of self-protection,and protect the occupational health of workers in many ways.
作者
万宽
汤叶花
张唯一
潘海瑛
钱耀忠
张连红
沈玉锋
方翠萍
Wan Kuan;Tang Yehua;Zhang Weiyi;Pan Haiying;Qian Yaozhong;Zhang Lianhong;Shen Yufeng;Fang Cuiping(Fengxian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201499,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期823-826,共4页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
职业病危害因素
矽尘
总粉尘
合格率
Occupational hazard factors
Silica dust
Total dust
Qualified rate
