摘要
嘉陵江流域是长江上游支流中流域面积最大、输沙量最大的支流,其水沙变化将对三峡水库入库水沙条件产生重要影响。随着近年来流域内梯级控制性水电站的陆续建成运用,水库拦沙对流域内输沙量的影响逐步趋向主导地位,为了定量评价水库拦沙对嘉陵江流域输沙量减小的贡献权重,采用实地调查、沙量平衡以及经验拦沙模式计算等方法,在全面整理嘉陵江流域内已建水库基本特征的基础上,对近60 a流域内不同阶段的水库拦沙特性及其对嘉陵江流域的减沙贡献权重进行了定量研究。结果表明:①截至2015年,嘉陵江流域已建水库5 140座,总库容236.24亿m^3,大、中、小型水库库容占比分别是72%、18%和10%,其中:1990年以前,嘉陵江流域的水库建设以中、小型水库为主;1991年以来,该流域的水库建设则以大型水库为主。②1956年以来,嘉陵江流域水库年均拦沙量为0.294亿t,其中1956~1990年、1991~2005年和2006~2015年水库年均拦沙量分别为0.187亿,0.404亿t和0.472亿t。③从水库减沙贡献来看,2006~2015年,水库拦沙对北碚站的减沙权重高达92%,较1956~1990年和1991~2005年均有大幅度的增加。减沙水库主要分布在嘉陵江干流,尤其是2011年和2013年草街和亭子口水库建成后,其新增年均拦沙量达0.163亿t。
The Jialing River is the largest tributary in the upper reach of the Yangtze River with the largest area and sediment discharge. The variation of water and sediment in the Jialing River Basin has a significant influence on the water and sediment condition of the Three Gorges Reservoir. With the construction and operation of cascade hydropower stations in the Jialing River Basin, the effect of reservoir sediment retaining on sediment discharge in the basin tends to be a supreme role. We have summarized the data of reservoirs built in recent 60 years to study the characteristics of reservoir sediment retaining at different stages, and their contribution weight of sediment reduction in the Jialing River Basin. In order to evaluate the contribution weight of reservoir sediment retaining to sediment reduction, field investigation,sediment budget, empirical method of sediment retaining and other methods are applied. The results show that: from 1956 to 2015,there were 5140 reservoirs built in the Jialing River Basin with a total capacity of 236.24 billion cubic meters. The capacity of large, medium and small reservoirs accounted for 72%, 18% and 10% respectively. The medium and small reservoirs occupied the leading position in reservoir construction before 1990, however large reservoirs began to play a main role since 1991. The annual average reservoir sediment retaining amount of the Jialing River Basin is 0.294 billion tons since 1956, and especially the annual average reservoir sediment retaining amounts were 0.187 billion tons, 0.404 billion tons, 0.472 billion tons respectively from 1956 to 1990, 1991 to 2005, and 2006 to 2015. In terms of sediment reduction contribution,the contribution of reservoir sediment retaining to the total sediment reduction at Beibei station is 92% from 2006 to 2015, showing a great increase compared with 1956 to 1990 and 1991 to 2005. The sediment reduction reservoirs are mainly distributed on the main stream of the Jialing River. After the completion of Caojie reservoir in 2011 and Ting
作者
袁晶
许全喜
熊明
张欧阳
YUAN Jing;XU Quanxi;XIONG Ming;ZHANG Ouyang(Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan,430010)
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2019年第11期24-29,43,共7页
Yangtze River
基金
三峡后续工作科研项目“未来三峡入库水沙变化趋势研究”(12610100000018J129-01)
关键词
水库拦沙
水库淤积
减沙贡献
淤积率
嘉陵江
reservoir sediment retaining
reservoir sedimentation deposition
sediment reduction contribution
deposit rate
Jialing River Basin
