摘要
新中国成立70年来,特别是过去40年来的改革开放,中国实现了从贫穷落后的农业大国到世界第二大经济体的历史巨变,创造了世界近代史上经济发展和减贫奇迹。本文通过梳理新中国成立70年来的经济发展历程,总结我国经济实现跨越式发展的理论及实践经验,在此基础上进一步以区域发展非均衡和城乡发展不平等为切入点,探讨我国经济发展非均衡存在的根源及现状,并基于这一视角回顾新中国成立以来各阶段扶贫开发政策及制度安排,勾勒出我国贫困治理的历史轮廓,阐述我国各个阶段贫困治理的路径及特征。进一步,从贫困和不平等的测算、“两不愁、三保障”、建档立卡、贫困治理行政管理机制、“扶志”和“扶智”等视角着重剖析习近平总书记关于精准扶贫、精准脱贫重要战略的科学性和创新性。通过分析我们进一步得出,经济增长、发展不平衡和贫困是相互影响、相互制约的三角关系。经济增长在促进贫困减少的同时,也会因资源配置差异、收入分配不均造成区域、城乡非均衡发展,而日益加剧的区域、城乡不平等又会抵消经济增长对减少贫困的作用。基于此,本文认为新时代精准扶贫无疑是决胜全面建成小康社会最合理的制度安排,是实现全民共享经济发展成果最科学的路径。
Over the seventy years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China,especially in the past 40 years of economic reform and opening up,China has transformed itself from a poor and backward agrarian country to the world’s second largest economy,creating the greatest miracle of economic development and poverty alleviation in the world modern history.This paper reviews the achievements and development experiences of China over the last 70 years,particularly the past four decades of economic reform and opening up.It also analyzes the causes and current situation of unbalanced regional development and urban-rural divide which are key deterrents to China’s poverty alleviation efforts.It discusses the policies and institutional arrangements of poverty alleviation in various stages of economic development.In particular,it analyzes the scientific and innovative nature of Xi Jinping’s targeted poverty alleviation strategies from the perspectives of poverty and inequality measurement,“two no worries,three guarantees”,poverty registration,poverty management mechanism,“aspiration”and“wisdom”relating to poverty alleviation.It is concluded that economic growth,unbalanced development and poverty form a triangular relationship.While economic growth promotes poverty alleviation,it may also result in uneven regional development and urban-rural divide,offsetting the positive effect of economic growth on poverty reduction.This paper suggests that targeted poverty alleviation in the new era is undoubtedly the most important institutional arrangement to achieve an all-round well-off society and the most scientific path for all people to share the fruits of economic development.
作者
姚树洁
王洁菲
YAO Shujie;WANG Jiefei(School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400000,China;College of Economic and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642,China;University of Nottingham Ningbo,Ningbo Zhejiang 315000,China)
出处
《中南财经政法大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期3-16,158,共15页
Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“新时代连片特困地区扶贫开发扶智及扶志研究”(2018CDYJSY0055)
国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平总书记关于扶贫工作的重要论述的理论和实证基础及精准扶贫效果研究”(18ZDA005)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“高铁建设与中国城市经济发展”(71673033)
关键词
经济发展
区域不平等
贫困治理
精准扶贫
Economic Development
Regional Inequality
Poverty Governance
Targeted Poverty Alleviation
