摘要
区块链是一个全球性的去中心化分布式数据库账本。智能合约作为一段由事件驱动的、具有状态的、运行于区块链系统之上的程序,能够保管、处理区块链账本上的数字资产;运行在通用平台上的智能合约还能够实现传统应用系统的部分功能。区块链技术的发展为智能合约提供了很好的运行基础,智能合约在区块链上能够发挥重要作用。随着比特币和以太坊等区块链平台的迅速发展,智能合约具备了良好的发展契机。然而,智能合约应用还处于早期发展阶段,相关研究相对较少,实际应用中智能合约的适用场景不够丰富。文中从智能合约编程语言、实现技术、发展现状和存在的挑战、未来前景等几个方面进行研究和探讨,重点描述了不同智能合约开发语言的特性,以及相互之间的对比;以智能合约运行环境为标准进行分类,研究了各种区块链系统中智能合约的开发、部署和运行机制,并探讨了不同类型智能合约平台的应用范围,对不同区块链系统在智能合约开发、社区支持以及相应的生态系统等方面进行了全面的比较;然后,介绍智能合约的研究现状和面临的挑战,从安全性、可扩展性、可维护性等方面进行深入分析;最后,分析了区块链和智能合约技术的发展趋势,探讨了未来的应用场景。
Blockchain is a decentralized global distributed database leger.Smart contract is a piece of event-driven program with states that runs over blockchain systems,which can take custody over digital assets.Smart contracts running on a common platform can also implement parts of the functions of traditional applications.Development of the blockchain provides an appropriate platform for smart contract,and smart contract plays an important role on blockchain systems.With the rapid development of blockchain platforms such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,smart contracts have a good development opportunity.However,applications of smart contract are still in the early stage of development,and there are relatively few related studies.The application scenarios of smart contracts are not enough in practical application.This paper studied programming languages and implementation technologies of smart contract,discussed and explored the development status as well as challenges and future prospects.It described the characteristics of different development languages and took a comparison among them.Then,it classified blockchain systems based on the running environment of smart contract,and studied the development,deployment and running mechanism of smart contracts in various blockchain systems.Also,this paper explored the application scope of various smart contract platforms,and took a comprehensive comparison of different blockchain systems on smart contract development,community support and corresponding ecosystems.It introduced the status and challenges of smart contract research,and conducted analysis on security,scalability,and maintainability.Finally,it analyzed the development trend of blockchain and smart contract technology,and discussed the application scenarios in the future.
作者
范吉立
李晓华
聂铁铮
于戈
FAN Ji-li;LI Xiao-hua;NIE Tie-zheng;YU Ge(School of Computer Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China)
出处
《计算机科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期1-10,共10页
Computer Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(61672142,61433008,U1435216)
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(N150408001-3,N150404013)
辽宁省科学技术基金(20180550321)资助
关键词
区块链
去中心化
智能合约
以太坊虚拟机
Blockchain
Smart contract
Decentralization
Ethereum virtual machine
