摘要
科学检测和分析农产品营养品质对提升优质农产品的营养水平具有重要作用。由于农产品中营养成分组成复杂,已有的分析方法只能针对已知营养素的浓度、功能等进行分析,无法对农产品中存在的大量其他功能性活性物质进行分析鉴定。代谢组学技术通过高通量化学分析技术对生物样品中的小分子代谢产物进行定性和定量分析,在具有特殊营养功能的小分子物质分析中具有突出优势。代谢组学技术的引入,为农产品营养成分表征及差异性分析,产地溯源及真伪鉴别,生长储藏过程中营养成分变化规律揭示,营养功能成分作用机制研究等提供了新方法,也为膳食结构的优化调整提供了新策略。本文对代谢组学研究方法的新进展,包括样品制备、代谢物分析鉴定以及数据分析等进行了综述,总结了代谢组学技术在农产品营养成分表征及差异性分析、产地溯源及真伪鉴别、生长储藏过程中营养成分变化规律以及营养功能成分作用机制等方面的应用,旨在为我国农业高质量发展提供思路。在样品制备方法方面,首先通过快速改变样品所处的环境条件,如添加强酸、强碱或液氮冷冻等技术终止新陈代谢相关酶的活性。然后针对代谢物的极性,选择不同的提取溶剂,从而获得较高的提取率。在样品分析方法方面,核磁共振、色谱质谱和毛细管电泳质谱等技术得到了广泛地应用。其中,色谱质谱联用技术将色谱的有效分离和质谱的准确定量相结合,已经成为代谢组学中使用最广泛的分析技术。在数据处理及分析方面,无监督分析中的主成分分析和有监督分析中的正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析是目前应用最多的数据分析方法。通过通路分析软件的富集分析和拓扑分析,可以明确与代谢物差异相关性最高的代谢通路,对差异代谢产物的机制进行分析和解释。在农产品营养成�
Scientific evaluation of the nutrition and quality of agricultural products is essential for improving the nutrition level of agro-products.Because of the complex composition of nutrients in agro-products,the existing analytical methods can only analyze the concentration and function of known nutrients but cannot analyze and identify a large number of unknown functional substances.On the basis of high-throughput chemical analyses,metabolomics can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze endogenous and exogenous metabolites of biological samples.Therefore,metabolomics has outstanding advantages in the analysis of small molecular substances with special nutritional functions in agricultural products;it has advantages like providing new methods for the characterization and differential analysis of nutrient components,traceability and authenticity of identification,variation analysis of functional substances during growth and storage,and the effect mechanisms of functional components.It also provides new strategies for structural optimization of dietary requirements.In this paper,the recent advances in metabolomics research,including sample preparation,metabolite analysis,data processing,differential metabolite identification,and metabolic pathway analysis were reviewed.This work summed up the application of metabolomics in the characterization and difference analysis of metabolites,traceability and authenticity identification of origin,metabolite variation in the process of storage,and the evaluation of nutritional functions to provide theoretical bases and practical references for high-quality agricultural development in China.In the field of sample preparation,the activity of metabolism-related enzymes is first terminated by rapidly changing the environmental conditions,such as adding strong acid(alkali)or freezing in liquid nitrogen.Different extraction solvents are selected based on the polarities of the metabolites to obtain a higher extraction rate.In the field of sample analysis methods,technologies,such as n
作者
许彦阳
姚桂晓
刘平香
赵洁
王昕璐
孙君茂
钱永忠
XU YanYang;YAO GuiXiao;LIU PingXiang;ZHAO Jie;WANG XinLu;SUN JunMao;QIAN YongZhong(Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Institute of Food and Nutrition Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第18期3163-3176,共14页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金（31701519）
科技部食品安全关键技术研发专项（2017YFC1600705）
关键词
代谢组学
农产品
营养
品质
metabolomics
agro-product
nutrition
quality
