摘要
【目的】对我国水稻全产业链损耗及浪费情况进行定量评估,分析产生损耗和浪费的主要原因,提出稻谷减损策略,为制定保障我国粮食安全战略、发展营养导向型农业提供决策参考。【方法】采用问卷调查和定性访谈方法,对我国稻谷主产区(四省八县)进行全产业链(包括农业生产、收获后处理、贮藏、加工、流通和消费等6个环节)实地调研。【结果】从全产业链来看,水稻损耗和浪费率合计为13.64%,其中全产业链损耗率为8.42%,收割、收获后处理、贮藏、加工、流通各环节的标准化损耗率分别为2.84%、1.85%、1.21%、1.73%、0.79%,消费端浪费率为5.22%。损耗和浪费率每降低1个百分点,可分别满足145.5万人、90.4万人一年的大米需求。【结论】我国水稻全产业链损耗处于较高水平,亟需制定有效的减损措施,进一步提高国家的粮食供给水平。
【Objective】The aim of the study was to quantitatively estimate the rice losses and waste along the total supply chain in China,to analyze the main causes of loss and waste,and then to put forward the mitigation strategies to inform policy-making on ensuring food security and developing the nutrition-sensitive agriculture.【Method】This study conducted questionnaires and qualitative interviews in major industrial chain areas(four provinces and eight counties)at each stage of the total supply chain(including agricultural production,post-harvest handling and storage,processing,distribution,and consumption).【Result】The total loss and waste rate of rice along the whole supply chain was 13.64%.The standardized loss and waste rate at the agricultural production stage,post-harvest handling,storage,processing,distribution,and consumption stages were 2.84%,1.85%,1.21%,1.73%,0.79%and 5.22%,respectively.When the total loss rate and waste rate of rice was reduced by 1%,it can meet the demand of rice for 1.455 million and 904,000 people per year,respectively.【Conclusion】The losses and waste of rice along the entire food supply chain in China is still at a relatively high level,and it is urgent to take effective measures to reduce the losses and waste to improve the level of food supply.
作者
卢士军
刘晓洁
薛莉
唐振闯
刘刚
程广燕
LU ShiJun;LIU XiaoJie;XUE Li;TANG ZhenChuang;LIU Gang;CHENG GuangYan(Institute of Food and Nutrition Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第18期3134-3144,共11页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划（2016YFE0113100）
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2016-IFND）
关键词
稻谷
全产业链
损耗
浪费
rice
food supply chain
loss
waste
