摘要
【目的】探究不同灌溉方式对秋葵生长生理与水分利用的影响,为制定西南高原季节性旱区秋葵丰产节水栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】采用5种灌水处理,其中,3种定量灌溉方式,分别为T1(5 mm)、T2(15 mm)和T3(25 mm);2种交替灌溉方式,分别为T4(5 mm与15 mm交替)和T5(5 mm与25 mm交替)。分别在秋葵的苗期、花期和成熟期测定其株高、茎粗、叶面积及叶片数;使用Li-6400光合测定仪于上午9:00—12:00测定其光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs);果实成熟期测定叶绿素含量;试验结束后测定其植株的干重、鲜重及根系活力。【结果】与T2处理相比,T5处理秋葵叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)含量分别显著增加39.3%、25.0%和35.9%(P<0.05,下同),其根系活力显著增加26.5%,根冠比显著提高13.8%,平均茎粗显著增加18.8%,而在花期时株高减少7.4%,差异不显著(P>0.05);T5处理在叶片光合速率下降不明显的情况下,花期的叶片蒸腾速率较T3处理显著减少33.5%。与T5处理相比,T3处理水分利用率显著降低48.8%,平均茎粗增加7.8%;与T5处理相比,T4处理产量显著减少46.8%,水分利用率显著降低12.2%。从各处理下的秋葵农艺指标结果来看,T1处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积等各项指标均为最小值,发育明显迟缓。从叶面积来看,除T1处理外其余各处理叶面积间差异较小,但交替灌溉下的平均叶面积比定量灌溉(T2和T3处理)小,差异不明显。【结论】适宜水量交替灌溉有利于提高秋葵的农艺性状、生理指标及水分利用率,尤其在水量为5和25 mm干湿交替灌溉下各项指标均达最佳状态,可在西南高原地区节水栽培秋葵中推广应用。
【Objective】The effects of different irrigation methods on the growth physiology and water use of okra were explored to provide theoretical basis for the establishment of high-yield and water-saving cultivation techniques of okra in seasonal drought area in southwest plateau.【Method】Five irrigation treatments were used,including three quantitative irrigation methods,T1(5 mm),T2(15 mm)and T3(25 mm),and two alternative irrigation methods,T4(5 mm and 15 mm alternatively)and T5(5 mm and 25 mm alternatively).The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and leaf number of okra were measured at seedling stage,flower stage and mature stage respectively.photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)were measured at 9:00—12:00 am with Li-6400 photosynthetic tester,determination of chlorophyll content during fruit ripening was conducted,and dry weight,fresh weight and root activity of okra were measured after the test.【Result】Compared with T2 treatment,the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll(a+b)in T5 treatment increased significantly by 39.3%,25.0%and 35.9%(P<0.05,the same below),the root activity increased significantly by 26.5%,the root crown ratio increased significantly by 13.8%,the average stem diameter increased significantly by 18.8%,while the plant height decreased by 7.4%at flowering stage,the difference was not significant(P>0.05).T5 leaf transpiration rate at flowering period was significantly reduced by 33.5%compared with T3 treatment when photosynthetic rate in T5 had no great decrease.Compared with T5 treatment,water use efficiency of T3 treatment was significantly increased by 48.8%and average stem diameter was increased by 7.8%.Compared with T5 treatment,yield of T4 treatment was significantly reduced by 46.8%and water use efficiency was significantly reduced by 12.2%.According to the results of agronomic indexes,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and other indexes of T1 treatment all reached the minimum value,and the development was obviously s
作者
梁梦玲
胡兵辉
LIANG Meng-ling;HU Bing-hui(School of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期2249-2256,共8页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目（31201173）
云南省教育科学研究基金项目（2019YO128）
西南林业大学科研启动基金项目（111116）
关键词
秋葵
交替灌溉
生长生理
水分利用率
okra
alternative irrigation
growth physiology
water use efficiency
