摘要
中国史学者对明初江南社会权势变迁的讨论大体循着两条迥异的线索展开:一条是元末豪强富民在明初重典峻令的冲击下走向衰亡;另一条则是从元末豪民转变为明初世袭粮长,再通过商贸和科举成功转型为明代中叶的士绅。这两条线索彼此相对,显示出明初江南豪富命运的明显分岔。问题在于,对江南豪民的研究鲜少从豪民本身的角度出发,关注此间不同人群或个体的具体境遇,因而也较少触及明初禁抑豪民的政策对地方权力结构造成的实质影响。有鉴于此,本文择取了明代杭州湾南岸盐场地区一个具有灶户和军户双重户籍——军灶籍——身份的特殊人群,通过追溯元末明初至明代中期这一人群从滨海豪民之家到军灶人群,再到科第望族的嬗变历程,探寻明初政治高压下促成基层权势演变的内在动力,从而抉发一个有关明代江南社会权势演变中较少为人关注的历史侧面。明代军灶籍的历史表明,江南社会权势具有强韧的适应能力,挫折与转型的命运可以集中于同一人群身上。
Historical studies on power shifts of Jiangnan society in the early Ming dynasty largely proceed along two different paths:One underlines the decline of local elite class(haomin)under the severe punishments and harsh laws by the Ming court,the other keeps the focus on the haomin's successful transformation from hereditary grain collectors(liangzhang)to gentry and officials basing on the considerable accumulation in mercantile business and Imperial Examination throughout the early and middle Ming period.These two paths indicate a distinct divergence of different haomin's fates,whereas both fail to show solicitude for their real situation and ignore their inherent power to handle the external political pressure.This article investigates a special group of haomin in the south arm of Hangzhou Bay who had the military-salt households(junzaoji)in the Ming Dynasty.It traces their life experiences and social movement from the costal haomin at the end of Yuan dynasty to military-salt households who were imposed dual salt-producing and military corvée and taxes by the early Ming government,and further to the prominent families due to well performance in the mid-Ming Imperial Examination.The history of the military-salt households in this area justifies the exuberant vitality of Jiangnan elite class to accommodate to the social unrest and institutional change.It also shows that the two paths of social power shifts of Jiangnan society in the early Ming dynasty could combine in a specific group of people.
出处
《中国经济史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期58-69,共12页
Researches in Chinese Economic History
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划青年项目“遂安田粮册籍整理与州县赋役管理中的‘清承明制’问题研究”(批准号:2018ELS008)阶段性成果之一
关键词
军灶籍
江南
社会权势
元明之际
Military-Salt Households
Jiangnan
Social Power
Yuan-Ming Transition
