摘要
目的 了解北京市不同地区女性护理人员职业压力及压力来源,为改善护理人员的职业压力现状提供参考依据。方法 于2017年,采用分层整群抽样的方法,按照所选区医院分级分层,每级医院随机抽取1~4家医院,对抽取医院的所有在编女性护士根据《女性护理人员健康调查问卷》中的工作压力情况进行调查,工作压力根据《护士工作压力源量表》进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 压力源的35个条目中,不同地区护理人员之间有17个条目差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同地区护理人员压力源5个维度中,护理专业与工作方面的问题(Ⅰ)、工作环境与仪器设备(Ⅲ)和患者护理方面问题(Ⅳ)3个维度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);压力源总分之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 北京市不同地区女性护理人员职业压力状况不容乐观,各区主管部门应该关注女性护理人员职业压力状况,提高护理人员的福利待遇,合理分配时间与工作量,为护理人员创造机会,解决护理专业与工作方面的问题,并采取措施改善工作环境与仪器设备等。医疗卫生管理部门也应该从整体布局和整体发展上考虑,以提升北京市整体医疗环境。在患者护理方面,应从社会各方面加以宣传医疗卫生知识,增进其对医疗知识的了解,以减少医患关系问题,同时应该加强对护理人员的培训,开展心理疏解等方式降低护理人员的职业压力,提高女性护理工作人员的身心健康,从而提高工作效率及工作质量,建立医疗联合体,增加奖励机制和建立健全的管理制度是解决各地区医疗资源不均衡的重要方式,能有效缓解护理人员的职业压力。
Objective To understand the occupational stress and its sources of female nursing staff in different areas of Beijing,provide the basis for improving the present situation of occupational pressure of nursing staff.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,1-4 hospitals were randomly collected from each level according to the classification layered in the selected district.The enlisted female nurses in the hospitals were investigated according to the Female nurse health questionnaire,work stress were investigated according to the Nurse job stressors scale,and the data were analyzed.Results Among the 35 items of stressors,the differences in 17 items were statistically significant among nurses in different regions(P<0.05).Among five dimensions of stressors in nurses from different regions,the differences in problems in nursing specialty and work(Ⅰ),working environmentand equipment(Ⅲ)and patient care(Ⅳ)were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the total score of stressor(P>0.05).Conclusion The occupational stress of female nurses in different areas of Beijing is not optimistic.The competent departments of each district should pay attention to the occupational stress of female nurses,improve the welfare benefits of nurses,rationally allocate time and workload,create opportunities for nurses,solve the problems of nursing profession and work,and take measures to improve the working environment and equipment.The medical and health management departments should also consider the overall layout and overall development in order to improve the overall medical environment in Beijing.For the care to patients,it is necessary to publicize medical and health knowledge from all aspects of society to enhance their understanding of medical knowledge so as to reduce the problem of doctor-patient relationship.At the same time,the training of nurses should be strengthened and psychological relief should be carried out to reduce the occupational stress of nurses and improve
作者
于贵新
叶研
王姿欢
李爱华
胡丽
孙立庚
俞文兰
沈壮
YU Gui-xin;YE Yan;WANG Zi-huan;LI Ai-hua;HU Li;SUN Li-geng;YU Wen-lan;SHEN Zhuang(Institute of Occupational Health,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control&Beijing Center for Disease Preventive Medical Research,Beijing,100020,China;Occupational Health and Poisoning Control Institute,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100050,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2019年第18期2480-2484,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
妇女健康调查项目（决策咨询类课题）（FH20151101）
国家社会科学基金项目（18BRK038)
关键词
护理人员
女性
职业
压力
地区
Nursing staff
Women
Professional
Pressure
Area
