摘要
坎贝尔提出的“分离-传授奥秘-归来”与“成为萨满-习得知识-解决问题”内在相通。英雄发现自我,发现神性的心灵之旅,是坎贝尔理论的根基所在,这也是萨满必经的心路历程。通过对时下中国北方三少民族的萨满生成过程的梳理,结合坎贝尔神话理论中的英雄模式,互相印证。“东学西学,其心莜同,南海北海,道术未裂”。
After briefly introducing the current living conditions of the three small Altaic language speaking minorities in North China,the Daur,the Evenk,and the Oroqen,who are well known for their shamanic practices both in the past and at present,I compare their shaman-making processes with an eye to the Hero’s theme developed by Joseph Campbell in his The Hero with a Thousand Faces.I argue that there is a natural connection between the Campbell’s processual model of departure–initiation–the ultimate boon and that of Transformation into a shaman–Knowledge acquisition–problem solving among the three small minorities in North China.While the core of Campbell’s theory centers on the spiritual journey of hero’s self-discovery and receiving supernatural aid,it parallels with the psychedelic path that a shaman must go through at a rite held for the occasion.Psychic unity of the human kind is a common tie that binds the scholarship of the West and the East.Despite diversified cultural traditions and local features,there is a metaconnection that overrides all these traits.I believe that such comparison is beneficial to the healthy development of shamanic studies in China and can possibly shed a new light on how to break through the deadlock in theoretic study of shamanism in China.No doubt,all this has to rely on ethnographic‘thick description’and intense theoretic discussion.
作者
卢芳芳
LU Fangfang(Institute of Ethnology&Anthropology,CASS Beijing 200433)
出处
《内蒙古艺术学院学报》
2019年第3期124-129,共6页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Arts University
基金
2017年国家社科基金重大项目“构建中华各民族共有精神家园的少数民族视域研究”(批准号17ZDA152)论文之一
关键词
三少民族萨满
英雄原型
three small minorities
shamanic
hero’s self-discovery
