摘要
Climate change carries with it the prediction of warming global temperatures and increasingly variable weather,plus associated detrimental impacts around the world.Measurements from 2018,and the events of that year,continue to support this prediction.Both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)identified 2018 as the fourth hottest year on record(Fig.1)[1,2].In addition,despite world-wide efforts undertaken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in 2018 reached a historic high[3].On 11 May 2019,the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere surpassed 415 parts per million for the first time in at least 800 000 years[4].
