摘要
目的:采用数字型2-back任务,探讨不同熟练程度青年双语者在工作记忆更新任务上的差异。方法:2(被试类型)×6(刺激类型)混合实验设计,被试类型为熟练青年双语者与非熟练青年双语者。结果:两组被试在低难度2-back任务中无显著差异;高难度2-back任务中熟练组被试在非目标刺激、诱惑刺激和非诱惑刺激的准确率上显著高于非熟练组被试。结论:(1)青年人工作记忆更新任务中的双语优势效应更容易体现在高执行功能需求条件下;(2)熟练青年双语者在有冲突的2-back任务中表现出更好的冲突监控能力;(3)熟练的掌握国家通用语言能够促进少数民族学生执行功能的发展。
Aims: bilingual advantage effect refers to advantages that bilinguals have over monolinguals on executive functions involving inhibition, shifting and updating. In general, most researchers have studied bilingual advantage effect on the inhibition and shifting. The current study mainly investigated the bilingual advantage effect in young adults on the third component of executive functions, namely working memory updating. The current study also divided working memory updating tasks into simple working memory updating task and conflict working memory updating task, in order to discuss the bilingual effect in young adults on working memory updating in the condition of different executive function demands. Bilingual experience could be divided into more bilingual experience and less bilingual experience, therefore bilingual young adults were also divided into proficient bilingual young adults and non-proficient bilingual young adults. Methods: 36 Uighur-Chinese bilingual young adults were recruited as participants, which involved 18 proficient bilinguals and 18 non-proficient bilinguals. All participants were matched with intelligence scores measured by APM-Set 1. The study included two tasks, namely a simple digit 2-back task and a conflict digit 2-back task. The conflict digit 2-back task involved conflict stimuli making proactive interference and increased the executive function demands of the task compared to the simple digit 2-back task. Both tasks were designed by E-Prime 1.0 software. The current study was a two-factor mixed design, which meant the types of participants and task difficulties were independent variables, the types of participants were inter-subject variables, while the types of stimuli were variables within subject. The dependent variables were the accuracy of targets, non-targets, lures and non-lures. Results: there was significant difference between the simple 2-back task and the conflict 2-back task in the accuracy rate of the tasks, and it meant the conflict 2-back was more difficult than t
作者
邱旭升
焦江丽
刘毅
Qiu Xusheng;Jiao Jiangli;Liu Yi(Department of psychology,Xinjiang Normal University,The Key Laboratory of mental development and learning science,Xinjiang Normal University,Ummqi,830017)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第4期784-789,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
2016年度国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(311660283)
国家社科基金青年项目(17CMZ017)
2017年新疆自治区社科基金项目(17BJY116)
新疆师范大学重点实验室2017年招标课题(XJNUSYS072017A01)的资助
关键词
认知优势效应
工作记忆更新
冲突监控
cognitive advantage effect
working memory updating
conflict monitoring
