摘要
以往研究表明,从创业失败的负面情绪中恢复是后续学习行为产生的重要因素,特定的思维方式可以帮助创业者在认知与动机层面上缓解/增强负面情绪对创业学习的消极影响。本文基于这一理论框架,关注情绪成本对于双元学习的负面影响,并引入反事实思维,即个体分析和解构以往事件的思维过程,作为影响消极作用的边界条件。通过199份有失败经历的连续创业者问卷调查发现:失败带来的情绪成本不利于后续创业学习;创业者采取自我导向反事实思维可以弱化情绪成本与探索式学习的负向关系;创业者采取他人导向反事实思维可以弱化情绪成本对利用式学习的消极影响。研究结论可以启发创业者辩证地看待创业失败带来的情绪成本,通过思维培训和情绪管理策略调整心理压力和负面情绪,更高效地从失败中学习获益。
Previous studies have shown that recovery from the negative emotions of entrepreneurial failure is an important factor for subsequent learning behaviors. Specific thinking ways can help entrepreneurs to alleviate/enhance the negative effects of negative emotions on entrepreneurial learning at the levels of cognition and motivation. Based on this theoretical framework,it paid attention to the negative impact of emotional cost on dual learning,and introduced counterfactual thinking,which was the thinking process of individuals analyzing and deconstructing the past events,as the boundary conditions affecting the negative effects. Based on 199 surveys of consecutive entrepreneurs with failure experiences,it finds that emotional costs of failure was not conducive to subsequent entrepreneurial learning;self-referent counterfactual thinking weaken the negative relationship between emotional costs and exploratory learning;entrepreneurs can weaken the negative impact of emotional costs on exploitative learning by adopting other-oriented counterfactual thinking. The results inspire entrepreneurs to dialectically look at the emotional costs of entrepreneurial failure,adjust psychological stress and negative emotions through thinking training and emotional management strategies,and learn from failure more efficiently.
作者
郝喜玲
涂玉琦
陈雪
刘依冉
HAO Xi-ling;TU Yu-qi;CHEN Xue;LIU Yi-ran(School of Business Administration,Anhui University of Finance&Economics,Bengbu 233030,China;School of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300071,China;Research Center of Educational Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《研究与发展管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期27-39,共13页
R&D Management
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目“失败情境下创业学习的方式、影响因素”（71602001）
国家自然科学基金重点项目“网络及不确定环境下创业者的行为认知与决策机制研究”（71532005），“新创企业商业模式形成与成长路径”（71732004）
关键词
情绪成本
利用式学习
探索式学习
反事实思维
创业失败
emotional cost
exploitative learning
exploratory learning
counterfactual thinking
entrepreneurial failure
