摘要
汉语史中表示"做饭"这一语义的"炊"、"烹"和"煮"存在着激烈的更替关系。通过对比分析这组词的上古、中古、近代三个阶段的典籍用例,这组词的历时演变轨迹为:上古"炊""烹"和"煮"先后产生,"炊"和"烹"同义但各有侧重,"煮"与"炊""烹"并不同义;中古,三者在表"做饭/做菜"时为同义,"炊"和"煮"主要用于指实质义的"做饭"而"烹"主要指"做菜";近代,"炊"则不具有"做饭"的动词义项,"烹"主要指"做菜","煮"主要指"做饭、做菜","做饭/粥"义完全由"煮"担当。
In Chinese history, there are three main characters meaning 'cooking'and they sharply alternate each other. By observing the development trail of this group of words in Ancient Chinese, Middle Chinese and Late Antiquity Chinese, it is found that in Ancient Chinese'chui''peng'and'zhu'appear gradually,'chui'and'peng'are synonymous but each has respective emphasis,'zhu'is completely different from'peng'and'chui'. In Middle Chinese, they have the same meaning in'cooking', but'peng'and' zhu'is mainly used in'cook rice'while'peng'mainly refers to'cook dishes'. In Late Antiquity Chinese,'chui'doesn't refer to'cook rice'any longer,'peng'refers to'cook tea', while'zhu'mainly refers to'cooking'by getting the meaning of'cook dishes'from'peng'and'cook rice'from'chui'.
关键词
烹
煮
炊
历时替换
Peng
Chui
Zhu
diachronic evolution
