摘要
木质纤维素广泛存在于植物细胞壁中,是造纸、制糖工业、农田降解和畜牧业中常见的大分子物质,有着广泛的研究关注度。微生物降解法在不同行业木质纤维素降解中发挥着重要的作用,它安全、高效、绿色的方式是环保节能性产业发展的理想模式。本文对国内外木质纤维素结构和微生物降解相关文献进行分析和评述,由这些研究进展报告可以发现:(1)木质素和纤维素由变构后的木聚糖作为中介连接形成复合体--木质纤维素;(2)细菌在降解过程中不同于真菌,能产生多种多样的酶;(3)工业催化剂和基因编辑技术应用于木质纤维素降解中,前者利用金属氧化物等作为催化剂大大提高了降解效率,后者通过沉默或者敲除特定基因,改变木质纤维素合成途径。催化剂是降解木质纤维素效率较高的方法,通过改进反应压强和温度等工艺,未来可能实现温和条件降解木质纤维素。基因编辑技术则从根本上改变了木质纤维素原料的组成,使得其利用发生质的变化。但是微生物降解仍然是最适于农业木质纤维素降解的方法,未来应该会有更多关于耐热性酶制剂的研究。
Lignocellulose,which is widely found in plant cell walls,is a common macromolecular material in paper making,sugar industry,farmland degradation and animal husbandry,and has received extensive research attention. Microbial degradation plays an important role in the degradation of lignocellulose in different industries. It is an ideal mode for the development of environmental protection and energy conservation industries in a safe,efficient and green way. In this paper,the domestic and foreign literatures on Lignocellulose structure and microbial degradation are analyzed and reviewed. It can be found from these research progress reports that :( 1) Lignin and cellulose are intercalated by the allosteric xylan to form a complex-lignocellulose;( 2) Bacteria are different from fungi in the process of degradation,and can produce a variety of enzymes;( 3) Industrial catalysts and gene editing techniques are applied to the degradation of lignocellulose. The former greatly improves the degradation efficiency by using metal oxides as catalysts,and the latter changes the lignocellulose synthesis pathway by silencing or knocking out specific genes. The catalyst is the most efficient method for degrading lignocellulose. By improving the process such as reaction pressure and temperature,it is possible to degrade lignocellulose under mild conditions in the future. Gene editing technology fundamentally changes the composition of lignocellulose materials,making them use qualitative changes. However,microbial degradation is still the most suitable method for the degradation of agricultural lignocellulose,and there should be more research on heat-resistant enzyme preparations in the future.
作者
熊乙
杨富裕
倪奎奎
许庆方
XIONG Yi;YANG Fu-yu;NI Kui-kui;XU Qing-fang(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《草学》
2019年第5期1-7,共7页
Journal of Grassland and Forage Science
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划——干草低损耗高品质规模化生产及产品加工技术研究与示范(2017YFD0502103-02)资助
关键词
木质素
纤维素
真菌
细菌
生物降解
lignin
cellulose
fungus
bacteria
biodegradation
