摘要
在亚里士多德看来,单纯物同人、牛、马一样具有“种—个体”的概念关系,真正作为实体存在的单纯物是诸如“这一滴水”或“这一个土”的单纯物个体。然而,单纯物的个体究竟与诸如“这一个人”或“这一匹马”的复杂物个体不同,其特殊之处在于,即便构成单纯物个体的各个部分的相对位置发生变化,仍无碍于保持其自身的同一。虽然连续性对单纯物个体的判定具有重要意义,但单纯物个体的同一性并非根源于某一具体个体的质料的连续性,而更有个体形式的统一性作为其连续性的基础。当我们试图理解这种个体形式时,要进一步诉诸个体功能概念。唯有具有功能统一性的单纯物,才是真正的个体实体。
According to Aristotle, the simple bodies have the same “universal-individual” conceptual relationship as human,cattle and horse do, so the real substances of the simple bodies, according to the ultimate subject principle, are the individuals like “this puddle of water” and “this clod of earth”. The individuals of simple bodies are surely different from those complex individuals, such as “this man” and “this horse”, because the positional alteration of their parts constitutes no harm to their identities;or, to put it in another way, a simple body will continue to be itself even if its parts change their relative positions. Finally, continuity is indeed important for identifying the individuals of simple bodies, but the identity of an individual is ontologically based on the unity of an individual form, rather than material continuity. When trying to clarify the individual form, it is necessary to resort to the individual functions. Only those having identical functions are the real individual substances.
作者
张家昱
ZHANG Jia-yu(Department of Philosophy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland)
出处
《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2019年第6期20-28,共9页
The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition
关键词
亚里士多德
单纯物
实体
个体
连续性
Aristotle
simple body
substance
individual
continuity
