摘要
我们今天之所以有必要重新标举并阐说黑格尔的哲学遗产,是因为切中现实的思想任务急需这笔遗产,而现代性的意识形态和知识样式却一再试图遗忘之、抹杀之。对于当今时代的自我理解来说,黑格尔的哲学遗产特别地包括:(1)将一般所谓知识,即知性的知识,批判地把握为有限性的知识;通过对知性知识之运作机制(“外在反思”或“形式推理”)的哲学考察,揭明此种知识及其学术之根本的主观主义—形式主义性质。(2)黑格尔并不拒斥知性的知识,而是要求在占有其成果的同时超越之(扬弃之);此种超越的本体论要义是思想通达于事物自身,从而使知识或学术保有其真正的客观性(真理性),使知性反思的抽象普遍性上升为思辨—具体的普遍性。(3)对知性形而上学的批判,不仅在哲学上史无前例地开启出历史性的思想维度,而且最具决定性地揭示出社会生活的广大区域,黑格尔籍此“开辟了一条理解人类社会现实的道路”;此一道路将社会—历史的实体性内容托付给哲学社会科学,使之成为其思想任务的主导定向。在这个意义上,清理和真正消化黑格尔哲学的遗产,将为当代中国哲学社会科学的自主性建构,尤其是摆脱中国学术长久以来的对外学徒状态,进而切中当代中国的社会现实本身提供强大动力。
The reason why we today need to once again exalt and clarify Hegel’s philosophical heritage is that the thinking task that captures reality is in urgent need of that legacy, while the ideologies and modes of knowledge of modernity have repeatedly tried to neglect and obliterate it. For the self-understanding of the present time, Hegel’s philosophical heritage includes particularly the following points:(1) It critically grasps what is generally called knowledge, that is, the knowledge of the understanding, as the knowledge of the finite;through a philosophical investigation into the operation mechanisms of the knowledge of the understanding (i.e.,“external reflection” or “formal reasoning”), it reveals the fundamentally subjectivist-formalist nature of that knowledge and its scholarship.(2) Instead of rejecting the knowledge of the understanding, Hegel demands to transcend (or sublate) it while appropriating its achievements;the ontological thrust of such sublation is that thought must approach the thing itself in order for knowledge or scholarship to retain authentic objectivity (or truthfulness),and the abstract universality of the reflection of the understanding to rise to speculative-concrete universality.(3) The critique of the metaphysics of the understanding not only opens unprecedentedly in the history of philosophy the historical dimension of thought, but also discloses in the most decisive way the vast terrain of social life, and thus Hegel “opens up a way to understand the human social reality;” that way entrusts the substantial content of social history to philosophy and social sciences, making it the dominant orientation of their thinking task. In this sense, sorting out and digesting Hegel’s heritage will provide a powerful impetus for autonomic construction of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences, especially getting rid of status of foreign apprenticeship in Chinese academics for a long time and further recognizing the social reality of contemporary China itself.
作者
吴晓明
WU Xiao-ming(School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)
出处
《学习与探索》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第10期1-15,190,共16页
Study & Exploration
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“马克思主义与当代社会政治哲学发展趋势”(12&ZD106)
关键词
黑格尔
哲学遗产
知性知识
哲学社会科学
Hegel's Philosophical Heritage
The Knowledge of The Understanding
Philosophy and Social Sciences
