摘要
在目前的水产配合饲料生产中,油脂一般以液态形式添加到饲料原料中或者在真空环境中喷涂到饲料颗粒上,以脂肪粉进行应用的研究报道很少。本研究以豆油(SO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=9∶1)和一种由豆油和菜籽油等组成的复合油(BO,亚油酸∶亚麻酸=5∶1)为脂肪源,分别以液态和粉末形式添加到饲料原料中制备4种配合饲料(SOl、BOl、SOp、BOp)。用其在室内水族箱中喂养初始平均体质量为15.38 g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼8周后,各饲料投喂组鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比无显著性差异。与豆油饲料(SOl)投喂组鱼相比,SOp组的肝脏过氧化氢酶及超氧化物岐化酶活性显著升高、肌肉粗灰分含量显著降低,SOp、BOl、BOp组的血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平、全鱼的水分含量都显著降低,肝脏总抗氧化能力、全鱼粗蛋白含量及肌肉剪切力都显著升高。此外,BOp组的血清过氧化氢酶活性及肌肉硬度显著高于SOl、BOl、SOp组。肝脏和肌肉的脂肪酸组成各组间差异不大,均反映饲料的脂肪酸组成。研究表明,与液态油相比,脂肪粉饲料对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长无不良影响,且可改善鱼的健康及肌肉品质;复合油的效果优于豆油。结合脂肪粉具有包装、运输、储存、添加方便等优点,值得在水产养殖生产中进行推广应用。
In the current production of aquafeeds, oils are usually added directly or by vacuum coating. However, few reports were seen about the application of fat powders in aquaculture. In this study, with soybean oil (SO, linoleic acid∶linolenic acid = 9∶1) and blend oil consisting of soybean oil and rapeseed oil (BO, linoleic acid∶linolenic acid = 5∶1) as dietary lipids, four formulated feeds (SOl, BOl, SOp and BOp) were prepared by adding SO or BO in liquid or powder forms. After the tilapia juveniles (GIFT Oreochromis niloticus) with an initial average weight of 15.38 g were fed with the diets in indoor aquarium for 8 weeks, the growth indexes including weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient, hepatobody ratio and viscera ratio showed no significant difference among the four groups. However, compared with the corresponding indexes in fish fed SOl, the liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased, while the muscle crude ash content was significantly decreased in fish fed SOp;the serum levels of triglyceride and low density lipoprotein, as well as the whole fish water content were significantly reduced, while the liver total antioxidant capacity, whole fish protein content and muscle shear force values were significantly increased in the SOp, BOl, BOp groups. In addition, the serum catalase activity and muscle hardness of BOp group were significantly higher than those of SOl, BOl and SOp groups. The fatty acid composition of liver and muscle showed little difference among the groups, reflecting the fatty acid profile of feed. The results indicated that compared with liquid oil, fat powder had no adverse effect on the growth of tilapia and could improve the health and muscle quality of fish. The effect of blend oil is better than that of soybean oil. Combined with the advantages of packaging, transportation, storage and usage, fat powder is worth promoting and applying in aquaculture production.
作者
叶儒锴
郑钧
李孟孟
陈汉毅
麻永财
谢帝芝
宁丽军
孙丽华
王勇
李远友
YE Rukai;ZHENG Jun;LI Mengmeng;CHEN Hanyi;MA Yongcai;XIE Dizhi;NING Lijun;SUN Lihua;WANG Yong;LI Yuanyou(College of Marine Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangzhou UBT Feed Technology Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 511300,China)
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第10期2197-2208,共12页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900400)
国家自然科学基金(31873040)~~
关键词
吉富罗非鱼
幼鱼
脂肪粉
水产饲料
生长性能
生化指标
肌肉品质
GIFT Oreochromis niloticus
juveniles
fat powder
aquafeed
growth performance
biochemical index
muscle quality
