摘要
二战后,日本相继颁布了《教育公务员特例法》等一系列旨在保障教师地位和待遇的法律,最终形成了一套完善的日本教育公务员制度体系。通过教育立法来保障教师待遇的惯例、历史上教师享有较高社会地位的传统、战败对教育系统的冲击和战后学制改革的影响、战后教育民主化和地方教师对政治分权的客观要求,以及日本战后制定的经济发展战略等因素共同促进了日本教育公务员制度的确立和发展。但在实践中,这套制度也产生了诸如注重年功序列制的教师管理束缚了年轻教师才能发挥、安逸的终身雇佣制不利于提升教师指导力、统一的教师人事权管理权限制了学校自主性发展,以及繁重的非教学性任务严重损坏了教师身心健康等问题。
After the Second World War,Japan successively promulgated a series of laws aimed at guaranteeing the status and treatment of teachers,such as the "Special Act for Educational Personnel",and finally formed a complete system of Japanese Educational Public Service Personnel. The tradition of guaranteeing the status and treatment of teachers through education legislation,the high social status of teachers in history,the impact of defeat on the education system,the need to guarantee the supply of local teachers,the democratization of education and the requirements of local teachers for political decentralization,and the economic development strategy formulated after the war have jointly promoted the emergence and development of the Japanese educational Public Service Personnel. However,in practice,this system also generates some problems,such as focusing on Seniority which constrained the young teachers,and lifetime employment is not conducive to improving the guidance of teachers. what's more,the unified management of teacher personnel rights limits the development of school autonomy. And the non-teaching tasks are serious and seriously damage the physical and mental health of teachers.
作者
徐洋洋
彭湃
XU Yangyang;PENG Pai(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《外国教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第9期29-43,共15页
Studies in Foreign Education
关键词
日本
教育公务员
教师地位
教师待遇
Japan
Educational Public Service Personnel
the status of teacher
the treatment of teacher
