摘要
新中国成立70年来,党和政府始终将保障贫困人口的生活作为一项重大的政治任务放在政府管理工作的重要位置。依据社会背景与保障举措的不同,可以将这70年的历程分为:恢复经济过程中对贫困人口的临时紧急救助、平均主义大锅饭与依托集体经济的特殊救助、“文化大革命”与救助体系的停滞、市场化改革中社会救助体系的转型与探索、新型社会救助体系的初步建立、精准扶贫与社会救助体系的进一步完善等6个阶段。70年来贫困人口生活保障经历了模式、重心、途径、理念、方式等方面的系列变化。综合而言,中国的贫困人口保障经验可以概括为:在主体动力上,既要挖掘和充分利用市场最大程度创造财富的活力,又要用好能够有效整合和再分配各类资源的公共权力;在战略布局上,既要将重点放在通过发展来使绝大部分人从根本上脱离贫困,又要完善各类救助制度,给没有脱贫的人口“兜好底儿”;在政策举措上,既保证整体政策宗旨的一贯性,又要确保各类政策措施足够灵活和务实。
Since the founding of New China in 1949,the CCP and the Chinese government have always regarded the protection of the poor's basic living standard as a major political task and placed it in an important position in public administration.According to different methods and key points,it can be divided into six stages:emergency assistance to the poor in the process of economic recovery period,special assistance relying on the collective economy,the stagnation of rescue system in the Cultural Revolution,market reform and the transformation and exploration of social assistance system,the initial establishment of a new social assistance system,the precise poverty alleviation and the further improvement of the social assistance system,etc.There are five main changes in the whole process,such as main mode and approach,responsibility assignment,guiding concept,etc.On the whole,China's experience can be summarized as the following.Firstly,it is necessary to make full use of market to create wealth,and to use public power effectively which can integrate and redistribute resources;Secondly,we must focus on the development and help the vast majority of people to get out of poverty,but also to improve assistance system at the same time,which can help the population in poverty have basic living conditions;Lastly,it is very important to ensure the consistency of the policies in different stages,and also to make these policies and measures flexible and pragmatic.
作者
许尧
王雪
XU Yao;WANG Xue(Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第6期1-9,共9页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(14CZZ024)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(63182074)
南开大学亚洲研究中心资助项目(AS1915)
关键词
新中国70年
扶贫
基本生活水准权利
贫困人口
社会保障
70th anniversary of New China
poverty alleviation
rights of basic living standards
poor people
social security
