摘要
The exploitation regime of genetic resources in the international seabed area has become a compelling issue amongst the international community. The existing exploitation regimes of genetic resources include bilateral pattern, multilateral pattern and intellectual property pattern. On the basis of the comparison and reference, genetic resources in the international seabed area should be deemed as the common heritage of all mankind and regulated by the International Seabed Authority. Meanwhile, the access should be a joint system dominated by the International Seabed Authority to break through the limitations of the parallel system and balance different interests. More importantly, the benefit- sharing system should be based on intellectual property and oriented to public interest by taking measures, including establishing disclosure requirement of source information, making strict patent requirements, expanding benefit sharing of monetary and technology, and strengthening benefit-sharing supervision.
国际海底区域遗传资源开发制度的构建已成为国际社会急需解决的突出问题。解读现存遗传资源开发机制,可归于双边模式、多边模式及知识产权模式。在借鉴现有模式的基础上,宜将国际海底区域遗传资源确认为全人类共同继承财产,由国际海底管理局管理。同时,应突破平行开发局限,确立以国际海底管理局为主导的联合获取模式。在此基础上,重点建构以知识产权为基础,以公众利益为导向的惠益分享机制:在规范来源信息披露,严格专利授予条件的同时,扩展以货币和技术为内容的惠益分配,强化惠益分享监管。
