摘要
针对现阶段人工取盘效率低、取盘成本高、籽粒易损失等问题,结合新疆食葵的种植模式和田间采收作业要求,设计了一种模仿人工取盘方式的食葵采收台,主要结构包括捡拾装置、输送装置、行走装置、集盘箱、动力传动系统。通过对食葵采收作业过程进行理论分析,确定了捡拾装置、输送装置等关键部件的结构参数和运动参数,建立三维实体模型并针对捡拾装置进行运动学分析,得出捡拾装置取盘杆的位移、速度、加速度变化规律;分析动力传动系统,确定各级链传动的传动比。试制出食葵采收台并以收获总损失率为试验目标,以插盘高度、取盘杆的转速、机组的前进速度为试验因素,进行田间采收试验。试验结果表明,食葵采收台可以完成葵盘采收、输送、收集等功能;食葵采收台工作时的较优组合为插盘高度为650 mm、机组的前进速度为0.88 m/s、取盘杆的转速为23 r/min,收获总损失率小于5%,能够满足新疆食葵收获的作业要求。
In most areas of Xinjiang, edible sunflower is harvested in stages by means of transplanting plates for drying and taking plates for threshing. In some areas, edible sunflower harvesters are used for field operations, and problems such as edible sunflower plate leakage and grain loss exist in the process of harvest, which seriously hinder the development of edible sunflower scale and industrialization. In order to solve these problems and improve the harvesting efficiency of edible sunflower machine, this paper conducted a field survey on planting mode and biological characteristics of the edible sunflower in Xinjiang, and summarized the harvesting mechanism of edible sunflower. Starting from the operation path of manual harvesting sunflower tray, and combining with the requirements of field harvesting, a kind of collecting station for edible sunflower was designed. Field experiment was carried out to verify the field performance of the collecting station for edible sunflower. The specific research contents and conclusions were as follows. First of all, experimental study on the physical characteristics of edible sunflower was made during harvest in Xinjiang. It mainly included the determination test of the basic physical quantity, the friction characteristic test and the impact seed falling test. The average moisture content of edible sunflower plate was 38.97% and that of culm was 65.49%. By the bevel method, we got the friction angle between the dish and the steel plate was about 29.2°, the static friction coefficient was 0.56. The experiments were carried out to obtain the operating parameters with less loss of sunflower plate, which provided the theoretical basis for the field operation of edible sunflower harvesting platform. Secondly, in this paper, the whole plan of the collecting station for edible sunflower was determined, and the structural design and parameter analysis of the key devices were carried out. This paper designed a kind of station for collecting edible sunflower by imitating the manual wa
作者
韩长杰
王超超
朱兴亮
张静
张学军
Han Changjie;Wang Chaochao;Zhu Xingliang;Zhang Jing;Zhang Xuejun(Electromechanic Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第16期14-22,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
2016国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0702104-3)
关键词
机械化
设计
优化
食葵
采收台
捡拾装置
凸轮机构
mechanization
design
optimization
edible sunflower
collecting station
pickup device
cam mechanism
