摘要
中国南方喀斯特山区虽然降雨丰富,但由于二元水文结构较为发育,地表严重渗漏,加之降雨主要集中在5-9月,雨水资源时空分配不均。受地形地貌格局影响,该区坡耕地比重较高,灌溉水源主要靠坡面雨水,如何高效收集坡面径流和进行有效节灌,是提升坡耕地综合产出力面临的首要难题。由于地质背景的特殊性,喀斯特地区地表径流系数较小,降雨产流量很少,大部分甚至全部渗入地下,集蓄利用难度大。综述了喀斯特坡面地表径流特征,影响因素,收集和利用等几个方面的进展,发现喀斯特坡面集雨设施出现蓄不满水或空置的根本原因是坡面径流系数取值远超过实际值,坡面来水量被过大估算;进一步探讨了其他影响坡面径流集蓄利用工程布设及利用效率的原因,并对下一步研究进行了展望。
Although there is abundant rainfall in the Karst mountains of south China, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainwater resources is uneven due to the relatively developed dual hydrological structure, serious surface seepage. And the rainfall mainly concentrated in May and September. Due to the influence of topographic and geomorphic pattern, the proportion of slope farmland in this area is relatively high, and the irrigation water mainly relies on slope rainwater. How to efficiently collect slope runoff and carry out effective water-saving irrigation is the primary problem to improve the comprehensive productivity of slope farmland. Due to the particularity of geological background, the surface runoff coefficient in Karst areas is small, and the rainfall yield and discharge are few, most or all of which penetrate into the ground, making it difficult to collect, store and utilize. This paper summarizes the characteristics of surface runoff on Karst slope, influencing factors, and the progress of collection and utilization, and finds that the root cause of insufficient water storage or vacancy of rainfall collection facilities on Karst slope is that the value of runoff coefficient is much higher than the actual value, and the amount of water coming from the slope is estimated too much. This paper further discusses the other factors that affect the arrangement and utilization efficiency of slope runoff storage and utilization project, and forecasts the future research.
作者
高渐飞
杨振华
苏维词
曹洋
GAO Jian-fei;YANG Zheng-hua;SU Wei-ci;CAO Yang(Guizhou Mountainous Resources Institute, Guiyang 550000, China;Department of Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510272, China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2019年第9期97-99,104,共4页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题项目(2016YFC0502601)
贵州科学院青年基金项目(黔科院J合字[2017]2号)
关键词
喀斯特山区
坡面径流
径流特征
径流量
集蓄利用
Karst mountainous area
slope runoff
runoff characteristics
runoff amount
collection and use
