摘要
【目的】研究盐碱地葡萄发芽滞后的土壤原因及调控技术,提高葡萄在盐碱地土壤上春季生长发育的质量。【方法】以广北二分场盐碱地栽培的三年生欧美杂交种鲜食‘夏黑’葡萄为试材,行距3.0 m,株距1.5 m,篱架,单干单臂树形,干高80 cm。于2018年3月葡萄出土上架,灌溉催芽水后搭建‘裙膜’,即在干高50 cm处沿立柱上拉一道丝,以其为顶点将宽幅为80 cm的白色塑料薄膜从两侧交叠用绑丝固定,两侧以约45o夹角分别向行间地面拉开,并用土压边,形成密封的小三角即‘裙膜’,每个处理铺设两行。以平栽不覆盖‘裙膜’为对照,研究‘裙膜’对地温及葡萄生长的影响。【结果】‘裙膜’有效提高地温的同时改善了地上部的生长,促进了盐碱地葡萄的生长发育进程。其中,根际10 cm土层平均地温约比平栽对照显著提高5℃,升温早且持续时间长,缩小了地温与气温的差距;葡萄发芽物候期比对照提前10-15 d,外在表现为葡萄发芽早且发芽整齐;显著提高了葡萄的新梢生长质量,新梢生长量(长度)、第三节位节间长度及粗度分别比平栽对照显著提高34.9%、23.8%、20%,叶面积、叶片重则分别显著提高39.9%、56.6%,叶片厚度有所增加但与对照没有显著性差异。‘裙膜’覆盖显著提高了葡萄的叶片功能,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)分别比对照显著提高27.6%、30%、6.8%,光化学淬灭系数(qP)比对照显著提高21.9%,表明在提高地温环境中,PSⅡ反应中心开放程度大,用于光化学途径的能量增加,光合作用得到提高。为探讨盐碱地土壤升温滞后的原因,在泰安同一气候条件下利用盆栽试验发现,盐碱土的土温对气温的响应明显滞后于棕壤土,延迟3 h左右。两种土壤的含盐量及由其导致的土壤电导率、土壤容重及土壤孔隙度差异最大。田间测定结果表明,盐碱土比棕壤土的通�
【Objective】The objective of this paper was to explore the reasons of the delayed bud burst and to improve the growth of grapevine in saline land in spring.【Method】Three year old ‘Summer Black’ grape was used as test material, which was cultivated in Guangbei #2 field with saline land(1.5 m within rows and 3 m between rows, vertical shoot-positioning system,hedgerows, single stem and arm tree shape). Grapes were unearthed in March 2018,’tent’ was built after irrigating for the accelerating germination, namely, pulling a wire at a height of 50 cm, with it as the vertex, white plastic film with a width of 80 cm was superimposed on both sides with binding wire. The two sides were opened to the ground with an angle about 45 o, then soil was used to cover the edge, a small hermetically sealed triangle known as the ’tent’ mulching. Two rows were laid for each treatment,plants without covering the ‘tent’ were used as control, and effects of ’tent’ mulching on soil temperature and grape growth was studied.【Result】‘Tent’ mulching in the Yellow River delta saline land promoted the growth and development of grape and effectively increased the ground temperature in saline land. The average ground temperature of the 10 cm soil layer in the rhizosphere under’tent’ mulching was significantly increased by about 5℃, compared with the control. The ground temperature under ‘tent’ mulching increased earlier and retained longer time than that under the control treatment, which decreased the gap between ground temperature and air temperature. The phenological period of grapes bud burst under ‘tent’ mulching were 10-15 days earlier than that under the control, and the bud burst time was earlier and consistent.’Tent’ mulching significantly improved the growth quality of grape shoots,growth of new shoots(length), internode length and width of the third node, which were increased by 34.9%, 23.8% and 20%,respectively, compared with the control. Leaves area and weight under ‘Tent’ mul
作者
王辉
赵烁
杨兴旺
金梦玲
杜远鹏
管雪强
翟衡
WANG Hui;ZHAO Shuo;YANG XingWang;JIN MengLing;DU YuanPeng;GUAN XueQiang;ZHAI Heng(College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong;Institute of Agricultural Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第16期2871-2879,共9页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXG0306)
山东省公益性重点研发计划(2017GNC13112)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)
山东省农业重大应用创新项目
关键词
盐碱地
葡萄
地温
滞后
'裙膜’
覆盖
saline-alkali land
grapes
ground temperature
delayed
‘tent’
mulching
