摘要
非认知能力包括态度、信念、价值观和行为。越来越多的研究发现非认知能力对学习和工作的重要性。介绍鉴定非认知能力重要性的4种方法,以及测量非认知能力的5种方法。在这些测量方法中,自我报告式调研使用最广泛,但社会期望和回应风格影响对客观评价产生影响;有研究发现,通过他人报告测量的非认知能力比通过自我报告预测未来成果的相关性更高;多维强迫选择法较自我报告或他人报告测量方法的优势是较难伪造答案,有元分析发现,其预测效度更高,但缺点是设计和计分复杂;情景判断测验比标准化测验有更高的表面效度,比自评或他评作假更难;管理记录也可以协助用来评价非认知能力。
Noncognitive skills include attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors. Increasingly, research shows the importance of noncognitive skills in education and the workforce. In this article, we summarize four approaches for determining the importance of noncognitive skills and five methods for measuring noncognitive skills. Among these measurement methods, rating scale(Likert-scale)self-reports are the most popular, but they may be subject to social desirability and response style biases. Research shows that the prediction of future outcomes is stronger for other’s reports compared to self-reports. Multidimensional forced-choice assessment is more difficult to fake comparing to rating scale self and other’s reports, and meta-analyses have shown that forced-choice assessments have higher prediction of academic and occupational outcomes than rating scale self-reports. However, designing and scoring multidimensional forced-choice items is complicated. Situational judgment tests have higher face validity than rating scales and are more difficult to fake. Administrative records can also be used as measures of noncognitive skills.
出处
《中国考试》
CSSCI
2019年第9期22-31,共10页
journal of China Examinations
关键词
非认知能力
预测效度
自我报告
强迫选择法
情景判断测验
noncognitive skills
predictive validity
self-reports
forced-choice methods
situational judgment test
