摘要
克拉拉·伊梅瓦尔是普鲁士布雷斯劳大学的第一位女博士(1900年,化学),在以往的科学史中,至多是作为其丈夫诺奖得主弗里茨·哈伯的注脚而被提及。一战期间,哈伯是德军化学武器的主要研制者,曾亲往前线指导士兵释放毒气。1915年,克拉拉在哈伯的庆功宴后开枪自杀。此事在当时知者寥寥,自上世纪90年代起逐渐引起关注和讨论。她的自杀大多被解读为对哈伯的抗议和对科学伦理的捍卫;也有少数学者认为其主因是婚姻不睦和抑郁症。进入本世纪,克拉拉已经成为女性主义、和平主义和科学伦理的象征,成为人物传记和影视作品的主角,获得了前所未有的关注。克拉拉今天的声望不是来自她在科学上的成就,而是来自她对科学的态度和她的行为。
Clara Immerwahr was the first woman who earned a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Breslau in 1900. In the earlier history of science, she used to be seen only as a "footnote" to her husband, Nobel Laureate Fritz Haber. Clara killed herself after the reception dinner for Haber’s "success" in the research and release of poison gas during WWI. This event was not noticed by contemporary public and media. It was only after the 1990s, that her suicide began to attract increasing attention and discussion. Her suicide was generally regarded as protest against Haber and as defense of the ethics of science, while a few researchers believed it to be attributed to her unhappy marriage and depression. Starting from this century, Clara has become the symbol of feminism, pacifism and the ethics of science, as well as the protagonist of biographies and movies, receiving an unprecedented attention from the public. What brought her fame and reputation was not her scientific contribution but her altitude to science and her acts.
作者
傅梦媛
田松
FU Mengyuan;TIAN Song(School of Philosophy, Beijing Normal University, 100875)
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第9期110-117,共8页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
