摘要
古典教学始终以个体究竟何以成人为根本旨趣,而现代教学则不再倾心于个体通过教学究竟达成何种目的,只是关注如何在现代性给定的圈隅之中更有效地获取知识技能,不关心这种知识技能究竟用之何方,也即不寄予个体以运用知识技能的价值涵养。今日教学改革必须回答一个基本问题:教学究竟要不要关涉个体完整成人?从夸美纽斯的《大教学论》到赫尔巴特的《普通教育学》,都是把教学建立在教育论的基础上,教学论的本意正是作为实现个体成人的路径与方法。重申教学的教育性,意在引导教学超越知识授受,而敞开个体成人的整体性视域。真正的教学向着个体成人之道敞开,也即以教学召唤着个体成人。好的教学总是能把个体引向自我成人的原初性视域,在此视域中让个体自觉那率性之道,从而让此率性之道一点点带出个体完整成人,教学之技术也就成了修道之道术。教育性教学就是要成全个体生命于当下,也即让教学本身成为有效地打开个体生命、丰盈个体生命、提升个体生命的实践。
Classical teaching always regards the foundation of individuals as the crucial interests,but modern teaching no longer focuses on what the individuals achieve through teaching.It is how to acquire knowledge and skills more effectively in the given range of modernity that counts.We are not concerned with the proper use of such knowledge and skills.Also,we do not pay attention to the value of using knowledge and skills.Today's teaching reform must answer a basic question:Does the teaching involve the individuals'full development?From"The Great Teaching Theory"of Comenius to"General Pedagogy"of Herbart,the teaching is always based on the theory of education.The original intention of teaching theory is to realize the individuals?full development.To reaffirm the educational nature of teaching is to guide teaching beyond the superficial knowledge and to open up a holistic perspective of individuals'full development.True teaching provides an opportunity to individuaVs grown-up,that is,teaching requests the individuals to be independent adults.Good teaching always leads the individuals back to the primitive horizon of self-adult.In this prospective,the art of teaching equals to the nature of individuals,thus the individuals'full development can be brought out little by little with the help of nature.Therefore,the techniques can be the tool of cultivating the vital energy.Educational teaching is to make the individuals fully develop themselves in the present time,that is,to make teaching itself an effective practice to open up individuals'life,to enrich individuals'life and to promote individuals'life.
作者
刘铁芳
Liu Tiefang(Hunan Normal University,Changsha Hunan 410006,China)
关键词
教育性教学
生命
完整成人
技艺
educational education
life
fully developed individuals
skills
