摘要
救亡图存是抗战时期文学创作的共同主题,新文学家根据时代需要,对文体进行筛选和利用,歌谣和楹联这两种传统亚文体受到重视,成为文艺阵线不可或缺的文体形态。它们代表了传统抒情文体在不同维度的开拓,前者以“平民书写”为中心,沟通上下阶层,且注意孩童启蒙,做到了“老少皆宜”;后者强调文体的灵活性,以“雅俗共赏”为旨归,维系了不同的文化阶层。这两种亚文体与抒发个体感怀、追求典雅的旧体诗词形成鼎足而立的格局。与此同时,歌谣、楹联与新诗也有互动与融合。讽喻联、行业联的犀利老辣也与杂文有异曲同工之妙。文体间的渗透推动了传统抒情文体在现代的整体嬗变。这样的格局从深层次上反映出雅与俗的对立、交织与融合,展示了社会转型之际文学需求和取向的多元化。从现代文学史进程来看,抗战时期是继五四运动之后,又一次剧烈的文学转型,歌谣、楹联等文体地位的提升暗示出新文学家对五四运动时期文学观念、文学策略做出“纠偏补正”。
Salvation and survival are the common themes of literary creation during the Anti-Japanese War. According to the needs of the Times,new writers select and utilize literary styles. Ballads and couplets,two traditional sub-styles,have been valued to become indispensable literary forms in the literary and artistic front. They represent the development of traditional lyric style in different dimensions. The former takes“civilian writing”as the center,communicating with the upper and lower classes,paying attention to the enlightenment of children,and and is suitable for both the old and the young. The latter emphasizes the flexibility of style. With the aim of “common appreciation of elegance and vulgarity”,different cultural strata have been maintained. These two substyles and the expression of individual feelings,the pursuit of elegant old style poetry form a pattern of standing at a high level. At the same time, ballads,couplets and new poetry also have interaction and integration. The sharpness and hotness of allegory couplets and industry couplets are similar to those of essays. The infiltration between styles promotes the overall transmutation of traditional lyric style in modern times. Such a pattern reflects the opposition,interweaving and integration of elegance and vulgarity at a deep level, and demonstrates the diversification of literary needs and orientations during the social transformation. From the perspective of the process of modern literary history,the Anti-Japanese War is another drastic literary transformation after the May Fourth Movement. The promotion of the status of ballads and couplets implies that the new writers made “rectifications and corrections”to the literary concepts and strategies during the May Fourth Movement.
作者
肖百容
张宁
XIAO Bairong;ZHANG Ning(College of Liberal Arts,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081)
出处
《中国文学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期147-154,共8页
Research of Chinese Literature
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“近现代楹联创作语言与文体史料整理与研究”(17AZD030)
关键词
歌谣
楹联
亚文体
文体格局
ballad
couplets
sub-styles
stylistic pattern
