摘要
20世纪70年代末,西德推动北约确立“双轨决策”,既接受美国中程核导弹在本国领土的部署以应对苏联威胁,又希望推动军控谈判向裁军方向转变。此后,历经中程核导弹危机、短程核武器危机中的东西方斗争和互动,裁军进程重点从美苏核裁军转向欧洲常规裁军。美国借此安抚西德对全面裁军的期望,并敦促苏联从东欧撤军。两德统一进程开启后,美国在力促苏联同意两德统一的同时,借裁军进程对苏联做出让步;西德也承诺大规模裁减统一后的德军兵力。最终,两德统一与裁军进程的合力使欧洲安全格局得到根本改观,美军留驻欧洲,苏军从东德等国撤离,包含苏联或其后继国家在内的欧洲安全体系则无从实现。
In the late 1970 s,West Germany took great efforts in promoting the NATO to adopt the‘Double-track decision’,which meant not only its acceptance of the deployment of US intermediate-range nuclear missiles in its territory in order to cope with the threat of the Soviet Union,but its aim at transforming the direction of arms control negotiations to disarmament. After experiencing both tensions and interactions between the East and the West during the intermediate-range nuclear missile and the short-range nuclear weapon crisis,the focus of the disarmament process had shifted from the US-Soviet nuclear disarmament to the negotiations on the conventional armed forces in Europe. The United States took this opportunity to appease West Germany’s expectations on comprehensive disarmament and urged the Soviet Union to withdraw from Eastern Europe. In the process of German reunification,the United States made concessions to the Soviet Union with the help of the disarmament negotiations,while urging the latter to agree to the reunification of the two Germanies. At the same time,West Germany promised to cut down on a large scale its forces after the unification. Ultimately,the joint effects of German reunification and disarmament process had fundamentally changed the security situation in Europe,with the US troops still stationed there and the Soviet troops’ withdrawal from East Germany and other Eastern European countries.However,a European security system covering the Soviet Union and its successors had never been realized.
出处
《欧洲研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期88-106,I0005,共20页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“东西德统一的历史经验研究”(项目编号:12@ZH008)的阶段性成果
